USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology (Kaplan Test Prep)

Epidural block is a mode of conduction anesthesia that involves injection of local anesthetic into t ...

OB TRIAD High Spinal (Intrathecal) Pregnancy in active labor Conduction anesthesia given Patient stops breathing ...

Spinal block is a mode of conduction anesthesia that involves injection of local anesthetic into the su ...

General anesthesia is seldom used for vaginal delivery and rarely for cesarean section. Indications include need ...

16 ...

INTRAPARTUM FETAL MONITORING ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the appropriate use of intrapartum fetal monitoring including FHR monitoring, fetal p ...

FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING Normal fetal heart rate (FHR) findings are highly reassuring of fetal well-be ...

EXTERNAL DEVICES External devices (most common) are placed on the uterine fundus. Advantages are utilization before s ...

INTERNAL DEVICES Internal devices are placed through the dilated cervix. Advantages include optimum signal quality, ...

Figure I-16-2. Internal Fetal Heart Rate Monitor ...

INTRAPARTUM FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING DEFINITIONS Baseline Fetal Heart Rate (FHR): The mean FHR rounded to ...

the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Figure I-16-3. Fetal Heart Rate Baseline Variability Acceleration ...

baseline, with a duration of >15 seconds but < 2 min from onset to return. At <32 weeks gestati ...

OB TRIAD Early Decelerations Early deceleration: A visually apparent usually symmetrical gradual decrease and ret ...

OB TRIAD Late Decelerations Late deceleration: A visually apparent usually symmetrical gradual decrease and ret ...

OB TRIAD Variable Decelerations Variable deceleration: A visually apparent abrupt decrease in FHR. Thes ...

Figure I-16-4. Sinusoidal Fetal Heart Rate Pattern ...

FETAL HEART RATE CATEGORIES A three-tiered system for the categorization of FHR patterns is recommended. Cate ...

NOTE Remember, FHR tracing patterns provide information only on the current acid–base status of the fetus. Category ...