USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology (Kaplan Test Prep)

GYN TRIAD Cystocele Figure II-2-1. Uterine Prolapse Postmenopausal woman Anterior vaginal wall protrusion Urinary incont ...

GYN TRIAD Rectocele Management. Non-surgical treatment for a minor degree of relaxation. Surgical treatment whe ...

URINARY INCONTINENCE A 58-year-old woman complains of urinary leakage after exertion. She loses urine while cou ...

Figure II-2-2. Continence and Micturition stimulated cause contraction of urethral smooth muscle, preventing micturiti ...

EVALUATION OF INCONTINENCE History: The patient should complete a 3-day (full, 24-hour days) voiding diary, a ...

Urinalysis & culture: A urinalysis should be performed in all patients, looking for leukocytes (WBC), bact ...

Involuntary bladder contractions: detect involuntary detrusor contractions by watching saline level in syringe ris ...

CLASSIFICATION OF INCONTINENCE Most of the following types of incontinence result when bladder pressure ris ...

GYN TRIAD Stress Incontinence Involuntary loss of urine With coughing and sneezing No urine lost at night Hist ...

GYN TRIAD Hypertonic Bladder Motor urge (hypertonic) incontinence (most common incontinence in older women) is ...

With functional incontinence (mostly older women), urinary storage and emptying functions are intact but the pati ...

neuropathy, multiple sclerosis) or systemic medications (e.g., ganglionic blockers, anticholinergics). ...

GYN TRIAD Hypotonic Bladder Involuntary loss of urine Detrusor muscle not contracted Urine loss day and night His ...

GYN TRIAD Bypass Incontinence With fistula, the normal urethral-bladder mechanism is intact but is bypassed b ...

DISORDERS OF THE VAGINA AND VULVA ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the common causes, diagnosis, and treatment of vaginal discharge List the most com ...

VAGINAL DISCHARGE A 25-year-old woman complains of a whitish vaginal discharge. She states that this is the f ...

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS Bacterial vaginosis is the most common (50%) cause of vaginal complaints in the United Sta ...

GYN TRIAD Bacterial Vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis is not sexually transmitted, but rather is associated with sex ...

Figure II-3-1. Clue Cells on Wet Mount Figure II-3-2. Change in Vaginal Flora with Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) ...