USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology (Kaplan Test Prep)

MODALITIES Transvaginal sonogram is used in first trimester, producing high-resolution images that are n ...

INDICATIONS There are many reasons to use obstetrical ultrasound. Pregnancy location & viability, gestational ...

GENETIC SONOGRAM Genetic sonogram, ideally performed at 18–20 weeks, looks for anatomic markers of fetal aneuploidy ...

NOTE Accuracy of Sonogram Dating Crown-Rump Length (CRL) +/- 5 days <9 weeks +/- 7 days 9-14 weeks BPD, HC, ...

NUCHAL TRANSLUCENCY Nuchal translucency (NT) measurement is a screening test performed with sonogram betwee ...

INVASIVE PROCEDURES CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a diagnostic outpatient offic ...

Figure I-3-5. Chorionic Villus Sampling http://ebookobgyne.net http://ebookobgyne.net ...

AMNIOCENTESIS Amniocentesis is a diagnostic, outpatient office procedure performed after 15 weeks under U/S gui ...

PERCUTANEOUS UMBILICAL BLOOD SAMPLE (PUBS) This transabdominal procedure, performed under U/S guidance, aspira ...

FETOSCOPY A fetoscopy is a transabdominal procedure performed with a fiberoptic scope in the operating room ...

PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING Table I-3-1. Prenatal Diagnostic Testing CVS 10–12 wks 0.7% pregnancy loss rate Place ...

PRENATAL MANAGEMENT OF THE NORMAL PREGNANCY http://ebookobgyne.net http://ebookobgyne.net ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe how to diagnose pregnancy, establish gestational age, and identify risk factors ...

DIAGNOSING PREGNANCY Presumptive signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, breast tenderness, nausea and vomiting, incre ...

ESTABLISHING GESTATIONAL AGE Establishing gestational age is one of the most important purposes of the first pren ...

Table I-4-2. Pregnancy Dating Duration of pregnancy using: Menstrual dating 280 days or 40 weeks Assumed cycle ...

Figure I-4-1. Variations in Menstrual Cycle http://ebookobgyne.net http://ebookobgyne.net ...

OB TRIAD Precise Day of Ovulation 21-day cycle: day 7 28-day cycle: day 14 35-day cycle: day 21 http://ebookobgyne.net h ...

Figure I-4-2. Effect of Cycle Length on Calculated Due Date http://ebookobgyne.net http://ebookobgyne.net ...

IDENTIFYING PRENATAL RISK FACTORS Obstetrical history: number of pregnancies, pregnancy duration, complications ...