Building Construction Handbook, Eighth Edition

Contiguous or Secant Piling ~ this forms a permanent structural wall of interlocking bored piles. Alternate piles are bored and ...

Diaphragm Walls ~ these are structural concrete walls which can be cast in-situ (usually by the bentonite slurry method) or cons ...

Precast Concrete Diaphragm Walls ~ these walls have the some applications as their in-situ counterparts and have the advantages ...

Grouting Methods ~ these techniques are used to form a curtain or cut off wall in high permeability soils where pumping methods ...

Ground Freezing Techniques ~ this method is suitable for all types of saturated soils and rock and for soils with a moisture con ...

Soil Investigation ~ before a decision is made as to the type of foundation which should be used on any particular site a soil i ...

Ground Vibration ~ the objective of this method is to strengthen the existing soil by rearranging and compacting coarse granular ...

Sand Compaction † applied to non-cohesive subsoils where the granular particles are rearranged into a denser condition by poker ...

Dynamic Compaction ~ this method of ground improvement consists of dropping a heavy weight from a considerable height and is par ...

Jet Grouting ~ this is a means of consolidating ground by lowering into preformed bore holes a monitor probe. The probe is rotat ...

Green-Field † land not previously built upon. Usually part of the `green†belt' surrounding urban areas, designated inappropriate ...

The traditional low-technology method for dealing with contaminated sites has been to excavate the soil and remove it to places ...

BIOLOGICAL Phytoremediation † the removal of contaminants by plants which will absorb harmful chemicals from the ground. The pla ...

5 SUPERSTRUCTURE† 1 Choice of materials Brick and block walls BRICK BONDING SPECIAL BRICKS AND APPLICATIONS Cavity walls Damp-pr ...

STAGE 1 Consideration to be given to the following:~ 1. Building type and usage. Building owner's requirements and preferences. ...

Bricks ~ these are walling units within a length of 337„5 mm, a width of 225 mm and a height of 112„5 mm. The usual size of bric ...

Typical Details ~ Bonding ~ an arrangement of bricks in a wall, column or pier laid to a set pattern to maintain an adequate lap ...

English Bond ~ formed by laying alternate courses of stretchers and headers it is one of the strongest bonds but it will require ...

Flemish Bond ~ formed by laying headers and stretchers alternately in each course. Not as strong as English bond but is consider ...

Brick Bonding---Special Bonds ...