Building Construction Handbook, Eighth Edition

Concrete ~ a composite with many variables, represented by numerous gradings which indicate components, quality and manufacturin ...

Concrete Supply ~ this is usually geared to the demand or the rate at which the mixed concrete can be placed. Fresh concrete sho ...

Cofferdams ~ these are temporary enclosures installed in soil or water to prevent the ingress of soil and/or water into the work ...

Steel Sheet Piling ~ apart from cofferdam work steel sheet can be used as a conventional timbering material in excavations and t ...

Caissons ~ these are box-like structures which are similar in concept to cofferdams but they usually form an integral part of th ...

Pneumatic Caissons ~ these are sometimes called compressed air caissons and are similar in concept to open caissons. They can be ...

Underpinning ~ the main objective of most underpinning work is to transfer the load carried by a foundation from its existing be ...

Underpinning to Walls ~ to prevent fracture, damage or settlement of the wall(s) being underpinned the work should always be car ...

Underpinning ...

Jack Pile Underpinning ~ this method can be used when the depth of a suitable bearing capacity subsoil is too deep to make tradi ...

Needle and Pile Underpinning ~ this method of underpinning can be used where the condition of the existing foundation is unsuita ...

`Pynford' Stool Method of Underpinning ~ this method can be used where the existing foundations are in a poor condition and it e ...

Root Pile or Angle Piling ~ this is a much simpler alternative to traditional underpinning techniques, applying modern concrete ...

Underpinning Columns ~ columns can be underpinned in the some manner as walls using traditional or jack pile methods after the c ...

Classification of Water ~ water can be classified by its relative position to or within the ground thus † Problems of Water in t ...

Permanent Exclusion ~ this can be defined as the insertion of an impermeable barrier to stop the flow of water within the ground ...

Jetted Sumps ~ this method achieves the same objectives as the simple sump methods of dewatering (previous page) but it will pre ...

Wellpoint Systems ~ method of lowering the water table to a position below the formation level to give a dry working area. The b ...

Ground Water Control---Temporary Exclusion ...

Thin Grouted Membranes ~ these are permanent curtain or cut-off non-structural walls or barriers inserted in the ground to enclo ...