A History of the World From the 20th to the 21st Century

communities. The majority of the Arab population was seen by the Zionists and their Western sup- porters as benefiting rather th ...

The problem of the Jewish state and the pres- sure of would-be Jewish settlers appeared to be easing in the 1920s. After an init ...

Arabs not only against the Jews but also against the British. In the spring of 1936 an Arab strike was called and violence broke ...

Military victory in 1945 sustained the illusion of Britain’s imperial dominance a decade longer. But the rising tide of national ...

The West faced a fundamental problem in the Middle East: how to ensure the future stability of the region, and how best to meet ...

Partition was the only practicable policy. In the last resort the Jews would have accepted it, but the Arabs were ready to resis ...

these lives as well as their actual number that caused such revulsion. The decision to withdraw from the thankless task of gover ...

chance of salvation in declining to wait for the coordinated Arab attack. In April and May the Haganah seized the initiative and ...

At the United Nations, meanwhile, a resolu- tion was approved that authorised the enforce- ment of a truce on the exhausted bell ...

In mid-October 1948 fighting was once more renewed between the Israelis and the Egyptians, who continued to hold parts of the Ne ...

The victory of Israel in 1949 marked a watershed in the history of the Middle East. It laid cruelly bare the comparative weaknes ...

flict about the best course to adopt. Communists sought revolutionary change, but the new rulers feared that such a pace would s ...

most backward Middle Eastern nations and the peasant masses were sunk in poverty. Urban development, especially the growth of Te ...

counter-attacks that culminated in a British as- sault on the Egyptian police headquarters in Ismailia. Forty-one policemen were ...

the invasion in November 1956. That makes it hard sometimes to distinguish the wood from the trees and from the tangle of underg ...

Dulles. There was an additional issue of the future of the Sudan, hitherto under dual Anglo- Egyptian authority. In February 195 ...

friendship had in any case carried little conviction. America’s opposition to social revolution – any form of socialism being re ...

The prospects for Alpha had been reduced, if not extinguished. There was further desultory talk of a settlement with Israel, but ...

West. Britain’s and America’s withdrawal was for- mally announced by Dulles on 19 July 1956. That Congress would vote the necess ...

If Britain would not act with France to destroy Nasser, was there an alternative? The French chiefs thought so – a military alli ...