A History of the World From the 20th to the 21st Century

constitutional proposals. This in part reflected the unpopularity of Mulroney; moreover, the major- ity of English-speaking Cana ...

1 Part XVII WESTERN EUROPE GATHERS STRENGTH: AFTER 1968 ...

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The 1960s mark a dividing point in the history of the Western world. The old generation in govern- ment was passing; the welfare ...

organisations was the brutal reaction of the Berlin police to students demonstrating against the visit of the Shah of Iran. On 2 ...

under proportional representation has its critics, but that a change of government was made possi- ble had strengthened parliame ...

between the Federal Republic and the German Democratic Republic (December 1972) and finally a Czech–German treaty (December 1973 ...

The Schmidt years were severely strained by an upsurge of terrorism. A prominent German industrialist, Hans Martin Schleyer, was ...

Western Europe was doing. The most significant feature of the Federal Republic’s condition, how- ever, has proved to be its stab ...

the 1980s had grown altogether more harsh; economic health was the priority. Governments encouraged enterprise and productivity ...

Essen HamburgBremen HanoverHelmstedt Magdeburg Rostock Szczecin(Stettin) To Poland To USSR Poznan Gdansk(Danzig) Leipzig Dresden ...

one would have believed how surefootedly the chancellor, with Genscher’s help, would overcome the obstacles of reunification as ...

different circumstances, before unification, to come back to the land of their great-great- grandfathers. During 1990 and 1991 a ...

solid. The post-war racist excesses of extremists have been confined to a minority and condemned by the majority. The Kohl era c ...

Iraq. Stoiber was diplomatic about Germany’s likely role, Schröder reflected the popular mood declaring that under no circumstan ...

In Italy, the protest and turbulence of 1968 were not confined to student groups or to a rebellion of youth, but spawned in thei ...

communists into central government. The Com- munist Party provided comparatively efficient administration in the ‘red’ central r ...

Gladio. It was originally set up early in the Cold War as a secret military group to move into action to counter a communist tak ...

pure electoral convenience rather than common aims or mutual trust. It was replaced by an uneasy five-party coalition headed by ...

d’être. So many party leaders, ministers and deputies were touched by scandal and accusations of corruption moreover, that the p ...