A Student's Introduction to English Grammar

§8 Mood 53 A salient interpretation of [ia] is that there was just one nod. But a nod is punc­ tual, so [ib] cannot normally inv ...

54 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood Modality can be expressed by a great variety of formal means. The possibility meanin ...

§8.1 Uses of the modal auxiliaries 55 declarative clauses with deontic meanings of modals are used to try and influence what hap ...

56 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood Prescriptive grammar note Some people insist that can is not to be used in a deontic ...

§8.3 The preterite fonns of the modals 57 In all three cases, the version without a modal is more assured than the one that has ...

58 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood The salient interpretation of [ii] is that you have done something reckless, putting ...

§8.4 Irrealis were 59 The difference between [63a] and [62iia] is one of style level: were is here somewhat more formal than was ...

60 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood Exercises For some but not all of the following verb lex- ernes, the preterite and ...

Yo u must get involved. ii It iJ. going to rain. iii They tend to disagree. iv She would like to see them. v I saw them leave. v ...

62 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood we are considering only cases where the two constructions are in contrast.) 14. For ...

Clause structure, complements and adjuncts I Introduction 63 2 The subject^67 3 The object 70 4 Predicative complements 73 5 Fiv ...

64 Chapter 4 Clause structure, complements and adjuncts Diagramming clause structure The structure of a clause like Cats like wa ...

§ 1 Introduction 65 Some verbs allow or require not only an object but also some other phrase. For example, give allows an objec ...

66 Chapter 4 Clause structure, complements and adjuncts The examples in [4] illustrate the difference between complements (marke ...

§2.1 Distinctive syntactic properties of the subject in English^67 Subjects do satisfy the condition for being complements, ther ...

68 Chapter 4 Clause structure, complements and adjuncts is required when we substitute one of the pronouns in [7]. In The dogs b ...

§2.2 Traditional errors in defining the subject^69 The subject NP commonly (but by no means invariably) identifies a topic for t ...

(^70) Chapter 4 Clause structure, complements and adjuncts (b) Subject and topic In Pa ris is lovely in the spring it is natural ...

§3.2 Direct and indirect objects^71 1Il The object typically corresponds to the subject of an associated PASSIVE clause. IV The ...

(^72) Chapter 4 Clause structure, complements and adjuncts Max's possessions. And in [b] it is the shoes that are directly acted ...