A Student's Introduction to English Grammar

[10] MARKING BY INFLECTION a. * It is vital [that we ben 't disturbed]. 11 a. * It is vital [that he don't delay]. §3.2 Non-verb ...

154 Chapter 8 Negation and related phenomena Where the negator follows the subject in clausal negation, as in [13ii], there is u ...

§4 Non-affinnative items 155 The majority of polarity-sensitive items have negative orientation, and our main focus here will be ...

(^156) Chapter 8 Negation and related phenomena Prescriptive grammar note There are non-standard varieties of English - widespre ...

§5 Scope of negation 157 The difference in meaning is considerable: [a] entails that the number of people who believed him is re ...

158 Chapter 8 Negation and related phenomena Exercises 1. Are the following clauses grammatically positive or negative? Give evi ...

Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing I Clause type and speech acts 159 2 Interrogatives and questions 161 3 Exclamativ ...

160 Chapter 9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing fl Directive covers commands, instructions, requests, entreaties an ...

§2 Interrogatives and questions 161 In [ii] the sentence has the form of a coordination of clauses, the first of declara­ tive t ...

162 Chapter 9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing is Sue? has an open-ended set of answers. The terms are then applie ...

§2.2 Polar questions and alternative questions 163 These are closed QUESTIONS, but they are not closed INTERROGATIVE CLAUSES. Us ...

164 Chapter 9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing that an or-coordination may occur coincidentally in a polar questio ...

§2.4 The form of open interrogatives 165 The important syntactic distinction is between subjects and non-subjects. Non­ subjects ...

(^166) Chapter 9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing o In [iiib] the preposition is stranded (and hence not part of t ...

§2.7 Echo questions 167 How can also be an adjective, functioning as predicative complement. Here it permits a fairly small rang ...

168 Chapter 9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing An open echo repeats the stimulus with a question word substituted ...

§3.2 Exclamative what and how 169 3.2 Exc1amative what and how What and how occur in either exclamative or open interrogative cl ...

(^170) Chapter 9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing (^4) Imperatives and directives 4.1 The form of imperative claus ...

§4.3 Uses of the imperative 171 [iiia] means "He gave us permission to stay away" (let is OUTSIDE the scope of negation). There' ...

172 Chapter 9 Clause type: asking, exclaiming, and directing that is indirectly expressed in the imperative. The interpretation ...