A Student's Introduction to English Grammar

§ 1.2 Verb-fonns and shape sharing^33 In the [ii] examples the bracketed parts are alike in that they both modify the head noun ...

(^34) Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood of at least one inflectional form has to be specified for that particular verb. S ...

§ 1.2 Verb-forms and shape sharing 35 Similarly, we can see that the walked of [8] is a past participle, since in these con­ str ...

36 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood 2 Finite and non-finite clauses There is an important distinction between two kinds ...

§3.1 Distinctive properties of auxiliary verbs 37 mentioned above). Nevertheless, subordinate subjunctives like [iii] are struc­ ...

38 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood (a) Subject-auxiliary inversion We have seen that interrogative clauses differ from ...

§3.2 Modal auxiliaries 39 being reduced to couldn't, and so on. But in Present-day English they are best regarded as inflectiona ...

40 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood modal auxiliary by criteria (a)-(b) but takes (for most speakers) an infinitival wit ...

[24] AUXILIARY USAGE a. Need we tell anyone? ii a. She needn't go. iii a. *Need she any help? §3.4 The general concept of auxili ...

42 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood It is worth emphasising again, however, that a general definition of a category does ...

§4 Perfective and imperfective interpretations 43 The preterite and the perfect are different kinds of past tense: note that bot ...

(^44) Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood The potentially confusing similarity between the terms reflects the fact that bot ...

§S.l The present tense 45 The salient interpretation of [i] is perfective: there is a single act of promising which is perfonned ...

46 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood (d) Past time: the historic present In certain types of narrative, especially in inf ...

§5.2 The preterite 47 Because of the contrasting meanings of glad and wish, we understand from [ia] that they do in fact live ne ...

48 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood Although indirect reported speech represents the most obvious case, backshift also h ...

§6.1 The present perfect 49 past tense. The fonner includes explicit reference to the present as well as the past, whereas the l ...

50 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood 6.2 The preterite perfect In §5.2 we distinguished three main uses ofthe preterite, ...

§7 Progressive aspect 51 is a conditional construction with the preterite expressing modal remoteness: this means that the prete ...

52 Chapter 3 Verbs, tense, aspect, and mood whereas in [a] the situation is presented as being in progress at a certain time. Th ...