Environmental Engineering FOURTH EDITION

104 ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING granular solid) to separate organic chemicals. The organics are vaporized, and then allowed to move ...

Measurement of Water Quality 105 5.6 If the BOD5 of a waste is 100 ma, draw a curve showing the effect of adding 5.7 An industry ...

106 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 5.15 A sample of wastewater is estimated to have a BOD of 200 mg/L. a. What dilution is necessary ...

Chapter 6 Water Supply A supply of water is critical to the survival of life as we know it. People need water to drink, animals ...

108 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERDIG Zone Zone c (Gro of d: un Figure 6-1. The hydrologic cycle. Evaporation and transpiration are the ...

Water Supply 109 In the zone of saturation, located below the zone of aeration, the soil pores are filled with water, and this i ...

110 ENVIRONMENTAL, ENGINEERING where v’ = the actual velocity in the soil, and a = the area available for flow. Solving for v’, ...

Water Supply 111 Flow 0 A d d Area A ample Figure 6-3. Permeameter for Example 6.1. EXAMPLE 6.1. A soil sample is installed in a ...

112 ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERJNG The superficial velocity is 0.06dday. Q 0.36 A 1x6 v=-=-- If a well is sunk into an unconfined aq ...

Water Supply 113 L" Surface area=2arh' I Figure 6-5. A cylinder with water flowing through its sides toward the center. the cyli ...

114 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Extraction well Observation Well 1 Well 2 t 50rndl t 100rn Figure 6-6. lbo monitoring wells define ...

Water Supply 115 Extraction well 1 Extraction well 2 wells pumping /A I I-/A 4 Figure 6-7. Interference between two extraction ...

116 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING The variation in flow may be so great that even a small demand cannot be met during dry periods, a ...

Water Supply 117 600 550 500 5 450 400 2 3 ; 350 .- - - 300 '- 250 = 200 e 150 100 50 c $ 1 IIIIIIIIIII 0 I.' 35x 108 up cu ft r ...

118 ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING Exmm 6.5. Areservoir is needed to supply water demand for 9 out of 10 years. The required reservoir ...

Water Supply 119 1 .oo 0.90 - 0.80 - 0.70 - I -d, I I Ill1 e e b % 0.60 - k - 0.50 - e - 0.40 - 0.30 - 0.20 - 0.10 ___ ...

120 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING constraints: 0 hourly fluctuations in water consumption within the service area, 0 short-term shut ...

Water Supply 12 1 Table 6-2. Viscosity of Water as a Function of Temperature Temperature Viscosity "F "C lb-s/ft2 Centipoise 40 ...

122 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Figure 6-10. Hydraulics for ideal closed-conduit flow. The principle of constant energy is known ...

Water Supply 123 When combined with the continuity equation, Q = Av, the discharge Q, in gallons per minute for a circular pipe ...