Environmental Engineering FOURTH EDITION

144 ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING F@m 7-9. Head loss in a Mter a~ measured by a mauometQ Note loss in a clean 6lta audiY~ is head los ...

Water Treatment 145 to the number of particles times the volume of the particles. The total volume is thus NVP 1 -e’ where N ...

146 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEEWG where Vavg = average volume of all particles and A, = average area of all particles. Substituting Eq ...

Water Treatment 147 ~ ~~~ EXAMPLE 7.2. A sand consisting of the following sizes is used' Sieve % of sand retained Geometric mean ...

148 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Column 2: From Eq. (7.7) 1 - 0.4 f = 150 (7) + 1.75 = 51.75. Columns 3 and 4: For the first size, ...

Water Treatment 149 Suspended solids removal (rng/crn3) figure 7-10. Increased head loss in a filter owing to materials deposits ...

150 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING r\ Constant rate. A Time Figure 7-11. Flow through a filter operated at a constant rate (A) or dec ...

Water Treatment 15 1 Many water plant operators prefer to maintain a residual of chlorine in the water. Then if organic matter, ...

152 ENVIRONMENTAL, ENGINEERING 7.2 An engineer suggests the following design parameters for a city's proposed rapid sand filter: ...

Chapter 8 Collection of “The Shambles” is a street or area in many medieval English cities, like London and York. During the eig ...

154 ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING Flow 12 12 12 midnight noon midnight Figure 8-1. Typical dry-weather wastewater flow for a resident ...

Collection of Wastewater 155 I I I I I I I Peak on maximum day &Maximum 24 hr. /Average daily discharge for year /Minimum ...

156 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING that run under the street. Collecting sewers are sized to cany the maximum anticipated peak flows ...

Collection of Wastewater 157 Figure 8-5. Diagram of typical pumping station for wastewater. (Courtesy of Gorman- RUPP.1 SEWER HY ...

158 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING The velocity in sewers is usually calculated by using the Manning equation, based on the Chezy ope ...

Collection of Wastewater 159 able 8-1. Manning Roughness Coefficient n Type of channel, closed conduits Roughness coefficient n ...

160 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEElUNG 10.06 -0.04 .- 0.03 y0.05 10.02 -5 -4 -3 0.006 7 0.005 0.004 : 0.003 'E 10 $6 z5 n .E 8 c .- ...

Collection of Wastewater 161 E Q : 0.3 10.2 D 0.2 0.3 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 10 000x 7000 : 6000 - 5000 - 4000 - 3000 7 & ...

162 ENvIRONIVlENTAL ENGINEERING Hydraulic elements 2, L, L, and - r vtull Qfun 4"ll %Ill Figure 8-8. Hydraulic elements chart fo ...

Collection of Wastewater 163 Figure! 8-9. Sewer layout for Example 8.3. EXAMPLE 8.3. The system shown in Fig. 8-9 is to be desig ...