Medical Microbiology

594 10 Helminths Onchocerca Onchocercavolvulus Causativeagentofonchocercosis Thisfilarialspeciescausesonchocercosis,adiseasethat ...

Nematoda(Roundworms) 595 &Reactionstoadultparasites:enclosureofadultfilariaeinfibrousnodules (onchocercomas),usually0.5– 2 c ...

596 10 Helminths mectin(0. 15 mg/kgofbodyweight)administeredonceortwiceayearhas beenpracticedsince 1987 .Thiscandrasticallyreduc ...

Nematoda(Roundworms) 597 Trichinella Causativeagentoftrichinellosis &HumanscanacquireaninfectionwithlarvaeofvariousTrichinel ...

598 10 Helminths Trichinellaspiralis:LifeCycle 1 5 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 Fig. 1 0. 18 1 Maleandfemaleinthesmallintestineofahost; 2 larva ...

Nematoda(Roundworms) 599 intoorgansandbodytissuesbymeansoflymphogenousandhematogenous migration.Furtherdevelopmentoccursonlyinst ...

600 10 Helminths Table 1 0. 5 Trichinellaspecies Trichinellaspecies anddistribution Cycle^1 andimportanthosts (selection) Charac ...

Nematoda(Roundworms) 601 &Intestinalphase:incubationperiodofonetosevendays.Symptoms:nau- sea,vomiting,gastrointestinaldisord ...

602 10 Helminths LarvaMigransExternaor CutaneousLarvaMigrans(CLM) (“CreepingEruption”) Parasites.CLMdesignatesasyndromecausedbym ...

Nematoda(Roundworms) 603 Toxocara Causativeagentoftoxocarosis Distribution,lifecycle,andepidemiology.Dogs,cats,andfoxesalloverth ...

604 10 Helminths Therapyandprevention.Chemotherapywithalbendazoleisonlyindicated insymptomaticcases.Prophylacticmeasuresincludec ...

Nematoda(Roundworms) 605 Dirofilaria Causativeagentofdirofilariosis ThelarvaeofDirofilariaimmitisandDirofilariarepens,whichinthe ...

11 Arthropods J.Eckert Parasiticarthropodsareectoparasitesthathaveatemporaryorpermanent associationwiththeirhosts.Theirconsidera ...

Arachnida 607 asvectorsofviruses,bacteria,protozoa,orhelminths.Somespeciesorstages ofarthropodsarecapableofpenetratingtodeepersk ...

608 11 Arthropods ArthropodParasitesofMan 1 00 μm a c b 10 m m d e f 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm Fig. 11 .1 aIxodesricinus,femaleengorge ...

Arachnida 609 Biology.ThevariousstagesofI.ricinusaredependentonbloodmealsfrom vertebratesthroughouttheirdevelopmentalcycle.Havin ...

610 11 Arthropods stagesofticksinhabitgrass,ferns,andbranchesinthislowvegetationeither quiteclosetotheground(mainlylarvaeandnymp ...

Arachnida 611 Occurrence.ScabiescausedbySarcoptesscabieivar.hominisdoesnotoccur frequentlyinEurope,althoughoccasionaloutbreaksar ...

612 11 Arthropods Diagnosisandcontrol.Casehistoryandclinicalmanifestationsprovideim- portantdiagnostichintsthatrequireetiologica ...

Insects 613 Parasitespecies.Twospeciesofliceinfesthumans,oneofwhichisdivided intotwosubspecies(Table 11. 3 ). Generalmorphologya ...