On Food and Cooking

final wine. The liquid portion, called the must, is 70 to 85% water, 12 to 27% sugars, mainly glucose and fructos ...

After the Crush In the case of white wines, the must is left in contact with the skins for a few hours ...

is sulfites, sulfur compounds that can induce an allergic reaction in sensitive people. The second additive ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has a greater tolerance for alcohol, but they do contribute flav ...

about 60ºF/16ºC. With more robust red wines, the must is fermented at a temperature between 65 and 80ºF/18– ...

OPPOSITE: Making red and white wines. White wines are fermented at a lower temperature and without the grape sk ...

of the original wine. Maturation Once fermentation is complete, the new wine is drained out of th ...

60ºF/16ºC for red wines, around 32ºF/0ºC for whites — reduce the solubility of all the dissolved solids, and caus ...

Burgundy and Bordeaux, develop striking and unusual aroma notes suggestive of the barnyard or horse st ...

flavor. If the wine is being held in a new wood barrel, it also absorbs various substances from the wood th ...

astringent dark reds may require a year or two to develop and smooth out. Most wines are made by blendin ...

the cell wall in cork is made up of suberin, a complex waxy substance similar to the cutin th ...

controlled contact with oxygen, the wine goes into impermeable glass bottles. For the last two centuries, the st ...

usually toward the brown. White wines and light-red rosés benefit from about a year of bottle aging, durin ...

special qualities and how they are produced. Sparkling Wines: Champagne and Others Sparkling wines delight ...

bubbles form wherever the liquid comes into contact with a microscopic air pocket into which the dissolved ca ...

méthode champenoise has become a worldwide benchmark for making fine sparkling wines. Making Champagne The first st ...

coffee, even meaty notes (due in large part to complex sulfur compounds). In addition to flavor, yeast pr ...

carbonated as soft drinks are, with tanks of pressurized carbon dioxide. Sweet Wines Table wines are ...

wines are examples. Grapes are left on the vine past the first frost and picked when frozen (or frozen artif ...