0071643192.pdf

ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, FLUID, AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS ■ Pickwickian syndrome (obesity-hypoventilation syndrome) ■ COPD Renal co ...

Hypoglycemia (Blood Sugar <70 mg/dL) One of the most common causes of altered mental status in the emergency department CAUSE ...

ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, FLUID, AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS Sepsis should be considered in all patients with a low blood sugar. Sulfo ...

A precipitating factor usually initiates this cascade of events: ■ Lack of insulin ■ Infection ■ Urinary tract infection ■ Pneum ...

TREATMENT ■ DKA treatment encompasses a multisystem approach including hydration, electrolyte replacement, and insulin administr ...

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma This is a rarer condition than DKA and a slower process, usually occurring in the eld ...

ALCOHOLIC KETOACIDOSIS PHYSIOLOGY ■ Chronic alcohol consumption and inadequate nutrition →decreased insulin and increased glucag ...

Chronic conditions: ■ CHF ■ Diabetes mellitus ■ Liver disease ■ Pulmonary disease DIFFERENTIAL ■ Other causes of high anion gap ...

■ Iodine deficiency ■ Antithyroid drugs such as lithium, amiodarone, iodine and iodinated contrast, sulfonamides, or phenylbutaz ...

■ Vasopressors for hypotension ■ Hydrocortisone empirically for adrenal insufficiency A 75-year-old female presents to the ED wi ...

ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC, FLUID, AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS Thyroid Treatment— ProptoticPolly(Wait) Is Dying Propranolol Propylthiour ...

■ 2 °adrenal insufficiency from pituitary dysfunction; causes include: ■ Suppression from prolonged steroid use ■ Pituitary tumo ...

■ Glucocorticoid replacement: Dexamethasone 6–8 mg IV is preferred over hydrocortisone 100 mg IV initially as it does not interf ...

CHAPTER 8 Infectious Disease Ross I. Donaldson, MD, MPH Selected Viruses 417 INFLUENZA 417 MONONUCLEOSIS 417 HANTAVIRUS 418 WEST ...

Pulmonary Fungal Infections 442 Common Parasitic Helminths 443 INTESTINALNEMATODES(ROUNDWORMS) 443 BLOOD ANDTISSUENEMATODES(FILA ...

INFECTIOUS DISEASE SELECTED VIRUSES A 60-year-old male with a history of COPD presents with 12 hours of flulike symptoms in the ...

INFECTIOUS DISEASE SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Characterized by: ■ Fever and malaise ■ Exudative pharyngitis ■ Cervical lymphadenopathy (par ...

INFECTIOUS DISEASE SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ■ Initial flulike prodrome (3–4 days) ■ Followed by: ■ Pulmonar ...

INFECTIOUS DISEASE A 25-year-old male with known HIV/AIDS (last CD4 count <200) presents with hypoxia, a chronic cough, and a ...

INFECTIOUS DISEASE Pulmonary Complications See Table 8.3 for CXR differential diagnosis. COMMUNITYACQUIREDPNEUMONIA(NONOPPORTUNI ...