0071643192.pdf

HEMATOLOGY, ONCOLOGY, ALLERGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY The ESR is elevated above 50 mm/hr in most patients with giant cell arteritis. Sta ...

HEMATOLOGY, ONCOLOGY, ALLERGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY TRANSPLANT REJECTION Immunosuppressants for transplant recipients: ■ Cyclosporine( ...

HEMATOLOGY, ONCOLOGY, ALLERGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY There are three categories of transplant rejection: Hyperacute, acute, and chronic ...

HEMATOLOGY, ONCOLOGY, ALLERGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY TREATMENT ■ Methylprednisolone, 1 g IV ■ Isoproterenol for bradydysrhythmias ■ Dop ...

HEMATOLOGY, ONCOLOGY, ALLERGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY ■ Listeria ■ Pneumocystic ■ Aspergillosis Infections After 6 Months ■ Chronic vira ...

HEMATOLOGY, ONCOLOGY, ALLERGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY ■ Chronic mucocutaneous candiasis ■ Recurrent candida infections ■ Severe combined ...

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CHAPTER 10 Thoracic and Respiratory Disorders Christian Merlo, MD, MPH and Lauren Grossman, MD, MS Signs and Symptoms 491 COUGH ...

Pulmonary Irritants 520 PNEUMOCONIOSIS 520 TOXICGASES, FUMES, VAPORS 521 Cystic Fibrosis 523 Sarcoidosis 524 Solitary Pulmonary ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Cough CAUSES Cough results from stimulation of irritant receptors in the l ...

DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT ■ Conduct a systematic diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation for the cause of dyspnea. ■ Obtain a CXR at min ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS Cyanosis Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxy- genated ...

DIFFERENTIAL Pseudocyanosisfrom heavy metals or drugs (amiodarone, phenothiazine); skin does not blanch with pressure DIAGNOSIS ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SYMPTOMS/EXAM Historical clues that suggest a cause: ■ A history of TB or sarcoidosis →asperg ...

CAUSES ■ Infection: Epiglottitis, croup, retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, Ludwig angina ■ Medical conditions: Ana ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ■ A-a gradient =PiO 2 – (PaO 2 – PaCO 2 /8). ■ Assuming sea level, an FiO 2 of 0.21 and 37°C, ...

ASTHMA Reactive airway disease consists of three classical components: Airway inflam- mation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ■ Wheezes are usually present, but may be absent in either mild or severe cases (minimal airf ...

■ Systemic corticosteroids ■ Oral and intravenous delivery equally effective ■ Decreases the need for hospitalization and subseq ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ■ Chest wall hyperinflation, prolonged expiration, wheezing, and distant breath and heart sou ...