Fundamentals of Medicinal Chemistry

α-Amino acids β-Amino acids γ-Amino acids RCHCOOH NH 2 α NH 2 RCHCH 2 COOH β α RCHCH 2 CH 2 COOH NH 2 γβα Figure 1.1 The general ...

The nature of the side chains of amino acids determines the hydrophobic (water hating) and hydrophilic (water loving) nature of ...

Most amino acids, with the notable exception of glycine, are optically active. Their configurations are usually indicated by the ...

C N C N O O − H H H N C O R CH CO NH CH R NH 2 -CH-CO NH COOH R n (b) Peptide links C-Terminal group N-Terminal group A A AB B B ...

only amino acid residues andconjugatedwhen other residues besides those of amino acids occur as integral parts of their structur ...

(NH 2 )Tyr−Gly−Gly−Phe−Met−Thr−Ser−Glu−Lys−Ser−Glu−Thr−Pro−Leu−Val (HOOC)Glu−Gly−Lys−Lys−Tyr−Ala−Asn−Lys−Ile−Ile−Ala−Asn−Lys−Phe ...

peptide or protein will either change or destroy the compound’s biological activity. For example, sickle-cell anaemia (Appendix ...

C O N C H O N H Top view The R groups of the amino acid residues project from the α-helix R R R R R (b) α-Helix Hydrogen bond : ...

N-Terminal (Valine, Val or V) C-Terminal (Histidine, His or H) CH 2 CHCOOH NH 2 NH N CHCHCOOH CH 3 CH 3 NH 2 C O N H CH C O N H ...

Monosaccharidesare classified according to the total number of carbon atoms in their structure. For example, an aldohexose is a ...

H C O H H O− H + +H + O CH 2 OH H HO OH H H OH O CH 2 OH OH H H HO OH H H OH O CH 2 OH H H HO OH H H OH .. + Figure 1.11 The cyc ...

'Straight chain' form H 2 O H H OH 2 O H O CH 2 OH O CH 2 OH H HO OH H H OH H HO OH H H OH O H C H OH O CH 2 OH H HO OH H H OH α ...

Some monosaccharides may also be classified as beingepimers. Epimers are compounds that have identical configurations except for ...

O CH 2 OH H H OH H H OH OH H H HO OH O H H OH OH H α-D-Xylopyranose (α-D-xylose) CHO OH OH CH 2 OH H H CH 2 OH CH 2 OH H H OH CO ...

links), sulphide (sulphur glycosidic links) and carbon to carbon links (carbon glycosidic links) are known (Figure 1.17). Each t ...

1.4.4 Polysaccharides Polysaccharides (glycans) are carbohydrates whose structures consist of mono- saccharide residues joined t ...

The stereochemical nature of these oxygen glycosidic links is important in the control of the metabolism of polysaccharides. Enz ...

glycoproteins that form part of the cell walls of bacteria (Appendix 3) while the chondroitins are glycosaminoglycans that occur ...

1.5 Lipids 1.5.1 Introduction The term lipid is the collective name given to a wide variety of classes of naturally occurring co ...

1.5.3 Acylglycerols (glycerides) Acylglycerols are the mono-, di- and tri-esters of glycerol and fatty acids (Figure 1.22). The ...