Physical Chemistry , 1st ed.

21.2 & 21.3 Types of Solids; Unit Cells 21.1.Give an atomic-level reason why ionic crystals are brit- tle. 21.2.Boron nitrid ...

21.23.^56 Fe crystallizes in a body-centered unit cell having sides 2.8664 Å on a side. Its atomic mass is 55.9349 g/mol and its ...

21.46.Compare the two-particle coulombic energy of at- traction with the more precise calculation of the lattice energy for (a)c ...

22 765765 T HE READER MIGHT WONDER WHY an entire chapter is devoted to surfaces. After all, they seem fairly easy to understand: ...

terminations of solid crystals, an idea that was mentioned briefly in the previ- ous chapter. Surfaces have properties that are ...

tude of the unbalanced force is represented by F, then the infinitesimal amount of work needed to increase the rectangular area ...

distance or energy per area, and can be expressed in N/m, dyn/cm, erg/cm^2 , or J/m^2 .* Surface tension is a characteristic of ...

Since an erg equals 1  10 ^7 joules, this work is equal to 0.0007275 J. This is not a lot of work in an absolute sense, but in ...

perspective—to be in the form of one body rather than multiple smaller bodies. This is indeed the case. The relationship of surf ...

razor blade moves down 0.250 mm. To do this, we use the classical physics definition of work, force times distance: work force ...

From first law considerations, as mentioned earlier, dU 0 for this system. But when we separate the system into subsystems, eac ...

22.13 is a fundamental equation for the behavior of an interface and is called the Laplace-Young equation,after Pierre-Simon Mar ...

Example 22.4 What is the change in pressure across the surface of a droplet of water having a radius of 0.100 mm? What if the dr ...

surface energies at several interfaces: the liquid-solid interface, the liquid- vapor interface, and the vapor-solid interface. ...

exists at the liquid-vapor interface will act according to the Laplace-Young equation: p 2 r   That is, there will be a pres ...

fabrics are made so by a coating or by using fabric fibers that do not show cap- illary action. All of these examples are ultima ...

Note the resemblance to the ideal gas law! Note also how the dotted line in Figure 22.11 mimics the hyperbolic curve of an inver ...

standing of Miller indices, as defined and described in Chapter 21. Suppose we cut off one side of the crystal so that the atoms ...

the three crystalline axes are spatially different. Even for a cubic crystal, the exception applies only to the planes that cont ...

vapors. (Water, ethanol, and diethyl ether are all liquids at room tempera- ture.) Ignoring the possibility of minimum-energy in ...