130_notes.dvi

The Hamiltonian density may be derived from the Lagrangian in the standard way and the total Hamiltonian computed by integrating ...

with an operator to create a positron state with the right momentum and spin. d(1)~p = −b(4) † ~p d(2)~p = b(3) † ~p Theseanti-c ...

2 The Problems with Classical Physics By the late nineteenth century the laws of physics were based on Mechanics and the law of ...

The new idea of Quantum Mechanics is that every particle’s probability(as a function of position and time) is equal to the squar ...

If we heat an object up to about 1500 degrees we will begin to see a dull red glow and we say the object is red hot. If we heat ...

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speed of light, will flow out of a hole in the cavity in one second. E(ν,T) = c 4 u(ν,T) The only part that takes a little think ...

It is interesting to note that classical EM waves would suck all the thermal energy out of matter, making the universe a very co ...

We can integrate this over frequency to get the total power radiated per unit area. R(T) = π^2 c 60( ̄hc)^3 k^4 T^4 = (5. 67 × 1 ...

γ Cathode Anode e Whenlight strikes a polished (metal) surfaceelectrons are ejected. Measurements were made of themaximum electr ...

This equation just expresses conservation of energy withhνbeing the photon energy andW the binding energy of electrons in the so ...

See Example 2.6.4:Use Electrostatics to estimate how small a gold nucleus must be to backscatter a 5.5 MeV alpha particle.* Th ...

To “see” these things at smaller and smaller distances, we needed touse beams of particles with smaller and smaller wavelength, ...

the ground state and is beyond the visible part of the spectrum. TheBalmer seriesis due to transitions to the first excited stat ...

The figure below shows the visible part of the spectrum for severalatomic or molecular sources. For Hydrogen, we mainly see the ...

and that angular momentum is quantizedsuch thatL=n ̄h, forn= 1, 2 , 3 .... This is natural since ̄hhas units of angular momentum ...

We can also compute the ground state radius of the Bohr orbit. 1 r = αmc^2 ̄hc r = (137)(1973) 511000 = 0. 53 ̊A This is also ab ...

2.6 Examples 2.6.1 The Solar Temperature* Estimate the solar temperature using the solar radiation intensity on the earth of 1. ...

Lets sety=hν/kTand solve the equation y= 5(1−e−y) I solved this iteratively starting at y=5 and goty= 4.97 implying hν= 4. 97 kT ...

We solve the problem using only conservation of energy and momentum. Lets work inunits in whichc= 1 for now. We’ll put thecback ...