A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

ANTICOAGULATION Warfarinhas been associated with nasal hypoplasia and chon- drodysplasia when given in the first trimester, and ...

FURTHER READING Anon. Antiepileptics, pregnancy and the child. Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin2005; 43 no 2. Koren G. Medication ...

●Introduction 52 ●Pharmacokinetics 52 ●Pharmacodynamics 53 ●Breast-feeding 53 ●Practical aspects of prescribing 54 ●Research 54 ...

BREAST-FEEDING 53 METABOLISM At birth, the hepatic microsomal enzyme system (see Chapter 5) is relatively immature (particularly ...

54 DRUGS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN The infant should be monitored if β-adrenoceptor antago- nists,carbimazole, corticosteroids or ...

RESEARCH 55 lifelong effects as a result of toxicity occurring at a sensitive point in development (a ‘critical window’) during ...

●Introduction 56 ●Pharmacokinetic changes 56 ●Pharmacodynamic changes 57 ●Compliance in the elderly 58 ●Effect of drugs on some ...

PHARMACODYNAMICCHANGES 57 DISTRIBUTION Ageing is associated with loss of lean body mass, and with an increased ratio of fat to m ...

COMPLIANCE IN THE ELDERLY Incomplete compliance is extremely common in elderly people. This is commonly due to a failure of memo ...

DIGOXIN Digoxintoxicity is common in the elderly because of decreased renal elimination and reduced apparent volume of distribut ...

60 DRUGS IN THE ELDERLY 4.Use the fewest possible number of drugs the patient needs. 5.Consider the potential for drug interacti ...

RESEARCH 61 FURTHER READING Dhesi JK, Allain TJ, Mangoni AA, Jackson SHD. The implications of a growing evidence base for drug u ...

●Introduction 62 ●Identification of the drug at fault 63 ●Adverse drug reaction monitoring/surveillance (pharmacovigilance) 63 ● ...

ADVERSEDRUGREACTIONMONITORING/SURVEILLANCE(PHARMACOVIGILANCE) 63 Factors involved in the aetiology of adverse drug reactions can ...

64 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS system can offer the 100% accuracy that current public opinion expects. The ideal method would identif ...

ADVERSEDRUGREACTIONMONITORING/SURVEILLANCE(PHARMACOVIGILANCE) 65 analgesic. Following its release, there were spontaneous report ...

66 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS MONITORING FROM NATIONAL STATISTICS A great deal of information is available from death certificates, ...

PREVENTION OFALLERGICDRUGREACTIONS 67 antibiotics, such as penicillinorneomycin). The mechanism here is that the drug applied to ...

68 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS EXAMPLES OF ALLERGIC AND OTHER ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Adverse drug reactions can be manifested in any ...

EXAMPLES OFALLERGIC ANDOTHERADVERSEDRUGREACTIONS 69 predisposes to non-immune haemolysis (e.g.primaquine). Immune mechanisms inc ...