Dictionary of Chemistry [6th Ed.]
found by *quantum mechanics of free electrons in a uniform magnetic Üeld. These energy levels, named after the Soviet physicist ...
ered by a monolayer and then repeat- ing the process. This process, called the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, en- ables a multilay ...
simply called the rare earths, al- though strictly the ‘earths’ are their oxides. Nor are they particularly rare: they occur wid ...
lated emission of radiation) A light ampliÜer (also called an optical maser) usually used to produce monochromatic coherent radi ...
at constant temperature (e.g. from solid to liquid at the melting point or from liquid to gas at the boiling point). For example ...
he made water by burning hydrogen in oxygen (see cavendish, henry). He also devised a rational nomenclature for chemical compoun ...
gree of overlap between the three concepts. layer latticeA crystal structure in which the atoms are chemically bonded in plane l ...
convert the PbO on the negative plate into a sponge ofÜnely divided lead. On the positive plate the PbO is converted to lead(IV) ...
lead monoxideSee lead(ii) oxide. lead(II) oxide (lead monoxide)A solid yellow compound, PbO, which is insoluble in water; m.p. 8 ...
lead(IV) tetraethyl and an increasing use of lead-free petrol. Leblanc process An obsolete process for manufacturing sodium carb ...
and then collected on aÛuorescent screen. Both the surface structure and changes that occur after chemisorption and surface reac ...
Liebermann testA *presumptive test sometimes used for cocaine and morphine. The Liebermann reagent is a solution of potassium ni ...
light-dependent reaction See photosynthesis. light-independent reaction See photosynthesis. ligninA complex organic polymer that ...
linear combination of atomic orbitalsSee lcao. linear molecule A molecule in which the atoms are in a straight line, as in carbo ...
hydrophobic tails face inwards, away from the external aqueous environ- ment. lipoic acidA vitamin of the *vita- min B complex. ...
otherwise randomly arranged. Cho- lestericand smecticliquid crystals also have aligned molecules, which are arranged in distinct ...
with sulphuric acid at 250°C and leaching the product to give a solu- tion of lithium sulphate. The carbon- ate is then obtained ...
used as a rough *indicator of acidity or alkalinity, both in solution and as litmus paper (absorbent paper soaked in litmus solu ...
long period 332 l H H H N Lone pair considering the shapes of molecules, repulsions between bonds and lone pairs can be taken in ...
models of biological systems (e.g. predator–prey relationships). low-energy electron diffraction See leed. lowering of vapour pr ...
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