"Introduction". In: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems
182 CHAPTER 4. OPTICAL RECEIVERS [103] B. L. Kasper, J. C. Campbell, A. H. Gnauck, A. G. Dentai, and J. R. Talman,Electron. Lett ...
Chapter 5 Lightwave Systems The preceding three chapters focused on the three main components of a fiber-optic communication sys ...
184 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS Figure 5.1: Point-to-point fiber links with periodic loss compensation through (a) regenerators ...
5.1. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES 185 (the 3Rs)—to replace an optoelectronic repeater. Although considerable research effort is being di ...
186 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS Figure 5.2: (a) Hub topology and (b) bus topology for distribution networks. because of its lar ...
5.1. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES 187 Figure 5.3: (a) Ring topology and (b) star topology for local-area networks. nected in such a way ...
188 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS topology [18], consecutive nodes are connected by point-to-point links to form a closed ring. E ...
5.2. DESIGN GUIDELINES 189 Step-index fiber Graded-index Fiber Figure 5.4: Loss (solid lines) and dispersion (dashed lines) limi ...
190 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS 5.4 shows the bit-rate dependence ofLfor coaxial cables by assuming that the loss increases as ...
5.2. DESIGN GUIDELINES 191 index fibers. The first commercial system became available in 1980 and operated at a bit rate of 45 M ...
192 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS limits set by fiber dispersion. Transmission over longer distances requires the use of dispersi ...
5.2. DESIGN GUIDELINES 193 Table 5.1 Power budget of a 0.85-μm lightwave system Quantity Symbol Laser LED Transmitter power P ̄t ...
194 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS The transfer functionH(f)of theRCcircuit is obtained by taking the Fourier transform of Eq. (5. ...
5.3. LONG-HAUL SYSTEMS 195 different dispersion characteristics. Furthermore, mode mixing occurring at splices and connectors te ...
196 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS realized in the development of terrestrial and undersea lightwave systems since 1977 when the f ...
5.3. LONG-HAUL SYSTEMS 197 The combined effects of GVD and SPM also depend on the sign of the dispersion parameterβ 2. In the ca ...
198 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS Table 5.2 Terrestrial lightwave systems System Year λ B L Voice (μm) (Mb/s) (km) Channels FT–3 ...
5.3. LONG-HAUL SYSTEMS 199 The third generation of lightwave systems became available commercially in 1991. They operate near 1. ...
200 CHAPTER 5. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS Table 5.3 Commercial transatlantic lightwave systems System Year Capacity L Comments (Gb/s) (km ...
5.3. LONG-HAUL SYSTEMS 201 optimized to combat such effects. Even then, amplifier spacing is typically limited to 50 km, and the ...
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