"Introduction". In: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems

262 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS the component of ASE that is copolarized with the signal as the orthogonally polarized compone ...

6.5. SYSTEM APPLICATIONS 263 useR=ηq/hνand Eq. (6.1.19), and write Eqs. (6.5.7)–(6.5.9) in terms of the amplifier noise figureFn ...

264 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS Figure 6.20: Receiver sensitivity versus optical-filter bandwidth for several values of the no ...

6.5. SYSTEM APPLICATIONS 265 Figure 6.21: Variation of the signal powerPsand the ASE powerPASEalong a cascaded chain of optical ...

266 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS 20 40 60 80 100 Amplifier Spacing (km) 0 5000 10000 15000 System Length (km) 2 mW 1.0 0.5 0.2 ...

6.5. SYSTEM APPLICATIONS 267 random speed changes produce random shifts in the pulse position at the receiver and are responsibl ...

268 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Distance (km) 0 5 10 Timing Jitter (ps) −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 −0.01 ps^2 ...

6.5. SYSTEM APPLICATIONS 269 uncontrolled. The tolerable value of the jitter can be estimated assuming the Gaussian statistics f ...

270 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS power to more than 1 mW in order to maintain a high SNR (or a highQfactor). The accumulation o ...

6.5. SYSTEM APPLICATIONS 271 Figure 6.24:Qfactor as a function of the average input power for a 9000-km fiber link: (a) 5-Gb/s s ...

272 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS were orthogonally polarized for reducing the nonlinear effects resulting from a rela- tively s ...

REFERENCES 273 6.8 Explain why semiconductor optical amplifiers impose a chirp on the pulse during amplification. Derive an expr ...

274 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS [8] G.-H. Duan, inSemiconductor Lasers: Past, Present, and Future, G. P. Agrawal, Ed., AIP Pre ...

REFERENCES 275 [46] Y. Emori, K. Tanaka, and S. Namiki,Electron. Lett. 35 , 1355 (1999). [47] S. A. E. Lewis, S. V. Chernikov, a ...

276 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS [77] M. Murakami and S. Saito,IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 4 , 1269 (1992). [78] E. Desurvire, ...

REFERENCES 277 [107] P. P. Smyth, R. Wyatt, A. Fidler, P. Eardley, A. Sayles, and S. Graig-Ryan,Electron. Lett. 26 , 1604 (1990) ...

278 CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS [138] F. Forghieri, P. R. Prucnal, R. W. Tkach, and A. R. Chraplyvy,IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett ...

Chapter 7 Dispersion Management It should be clear from Chapter 6 that with the advent of optical amplifiers, fiber losses are n ...

280 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT consisting of more than 50 million kilometers of the “standard” single-mode fiber with λZD≈ ...

7.2. PRECOMPENSATION SCHEMES 281 whereA ̃( 0 ,ω)is the Fourier transform ofA( 0 ,t). Dispersion-induced degradation of the optic ...