"Introduction". In: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems
2 CHAPTER1. INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1: Schematic illustration of the optical telegraph and its inventor Claude Chappe. (After Ref. ...
1.1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 3 Figure 1.2: Increase in bit rate–distance productBLduring the period 1850–2000. The emer- gence of ...
4 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Bit Rate (Gb/s) Research Commercial Fi ...
1.1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 5 Figure 1.4: Increase in theBLproduct over the period 1975 to 1980 through several generations of l ...
6 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION of silica fibers become minimum near 1.55μm. Indeed, a 0.2-dB/km loss was real- ized in 1979 in this s ...
1.1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 7 Figure 1.5: International undersea network of fiber-optic communication systems around 2000. (Afte ...
8 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION within the WDM signal. Starting in 2000, many experiments used channels operating at 40 Gb/s; migratio ...
1.2. BASIC CONCEPTS 9 Figure 1.6: Representation of (a) an analog signal and (b) a digital signal. other common symbols (decimal ...
10 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Figure 1.7: Three steps of (a) sampling, (b) quantization, and (c) coding required for converting an ...
1.2. BASIC CONCEPTS 11 number of bitsmneeded to code each sample is related to the number of quantized signal levelsMby the rela ...
12 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Figure 1.8: (a) Time-division multiplexing of five digital voice channels operating at 64 kb/s; (b) f ...
1.2. BASIC CONCEPTS 13 Table 1.1 SONET/SDH bit rates SONET SDH B(Mb/s) Channels OC-1 51.84 672 OC-3 STM-1 155.52 2,016 OC-12 STM ...
14 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Figure 1.9: Digital bit stream 010110...coded by using (a) return-to-zero (RZ) and (b) nonreturn-to-z ...
1.3. OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 15 Figure 1.10: Generic optical communication system. phase-shift keying (PSK), depending on ...
16 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION guided systems can deteriorate considerably by scattering within the atmosphere. This problem, of cou ...
1.4. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEM COMPONENTS 17 Figure 1.11: Components of an optical transmitter. 1.4.1 Optical Fibers as a Communication C ...
18 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Figure 1.12: Components of an optical receiver. crolens that focuses the optical signal onto the entr ...
PROBLEMS 19 The performance of a digital lightwave system is characterized through thebit- error rate(BER). Although the BER can ...
20 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 A 1.55-μm digital communication system operating at 1 Gb/s receives an aver- age power of−40 dBm ...
REFERENCES 21 [12] H. Kogelnik,IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 6 , 1279 (2000). [13] R. J. Sanferrare,AT&T Tech. J. 66 ...
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