"Introduction". In: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems
62 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS (a) (b) Figure 2.18: (a) Raman gain spectrum of fused silica atλp= 1 μm and (b) energy levels parti ...
2.6. NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS 63 the following set of two coupled equations [31]: dIp dz =−gRIpIs−αpIp, (2.6.8) dIs dz =gRIpIs− ...
64 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS 2.6.2 Nonlinear Phase Modulation The refractive index of silica was assumed to be power independent ...
2.6. NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS 65 Figure 2.19: SPM-induced frequency chirp for Gaussian (dashed curve) and super-Gaussian (solid ...
66 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS worst case in which all channels simultaneously carry 1 bits and all pulses overlap is given by φNL ...
2.7. FIBER MANUFACTURING 67 wavelengths lie close to the zero-dispersion wavelength. In fact, the degenerate FWM process for whi ...
68 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS Figure 2.20: Several index profiles used in the design of single-mode fibers. Upper and lower rows ...
2.7. FIBER MANUFACTURING 69 Figure 2.21: MCVD process commonly used for fiber fabrication. (After Ref. [87];©c 1985 Academic Pre ...
70 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS Figure 2.22: Apparatus used for fiber drawing. in turn changes the photodiode current. This current ...
2.7. FIBER MANUFACTURING 71 Figure 2.23: Typical designs for light-duty fiber cables. applications it may be enough to buffer th ...
72 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS rectangular array which is placed inside a polyethylene tube. The mechanical strength is provided b ...
PROBLEMS 73 2.9 Show that a chirped Gaussian pulse is compressed initially inside a single-mode fiber whenβ 2 C<0. Derive exp ...
74 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS 2.20Find the maximum frequency shift occurring because of the SPM-induced chirp imposed on a Gaussi ...
REFERENCES 75 [31] G. P. Agrawal,Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2001. [32] M. Abramowitz and I. ...
76 CHAPTER 2. OPTICAL FIBERS [69] D. Marcuse,Bell Syst. Tech. J. 55 , 937 (1976). [70] K. Petermann,Electron. Lett. 12 , 107 (19 ...
Chapter 3 Optical Transmitters The role of the optical transmitter is to convert an electrical input signal into the cor- respon ...
78 CHAPTER 3. OPTICAL TRANSMITTERS Figure 3.1: Three fundamental processes occurring between the two energy states of an atom: ( ...
3.1. BASIC CONCEPTS 79 In thermal equilibrium,ρemshould be identical with the spectral density of blackbody radiation given byPl ...
80 CHAPTER 3. OPTICAL TRANSMITTERS Figure 3.2: Conduction and valence bands of a semiconductor. Electrons in the conduction band ...
3.1. BASIC CONCEPTS 81 Since the minimum value ofE 2 −E 1 equalsEg, the separation between the Fermi levels must exceed the band ...
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