Encyclopedia of Buddhism
of this period were Ming loyalists who fled to the is- land in clerical disguise, and legitimate clerics were few in number and ...
Buddhists to maintain their Chinese identity and tra- ditions. This period saw the institution of the first fa- cilities for tra ...
This first development must be seen against a back- drop of steadily decreasing ordinations overall. Be- tween 1949 and 1989, wh ...
However, the most universal means of raising money is still to hold “dharma meetings” (fahui), in which laypeople come to hear s ...
the performance of one’s duties. Reprinted under the title Fudochi shinmyoroku(Record of Marvelous Im- movable Wisdom), Takuan ...
Siddhas may have been a minority, though, since Buddhist monks are quite frequently represented as Buddhist monastic tantrikas. ...
Connecting the ganglia are channels (nadi) through which flows karmic winds (karmavayu) that are closely involved with the ph ...
equated with the Great Perfection (rdzogs chen) and its literature is subdivided into three further varieties: the mental class ...
initially treated with suspicion by emperor Xuanzong (r. 712–756). He was placed under house arrest, and his Sanskrit texts were ...
reliability of this source is questionable and there is no independent evidence of sectarian “schools.” We know of a number of p ...
Bibliography Abé Ryuichi. The Weaving of Mantra: Kukai and the Construc- tion of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse.New York: Columbi ...
within themselves the virtues and wisdom of the TATHAGATA(buddha), but that these are hidden by a covering of defilements (kles ...
Grosnick, William H. “Nonorigination and Nirvana in the Early Tathagatagarbha Literature.” Journal of the International As- s ...
Three Worlds of King Ruang,1345). Based on Buddhist canonical texts, local legends, and dreams, this de- tailed, full-blown COSM ...
Payutto published the first edition of Buddhadhamma, a summary of major Buddhist principles, focusing es- pecially on Buddhist n ...
1279–1298). Somewhat earlier, the rise to power of the Sinhalese monarch Parakkama Bahu I (r. 1153–1186) in Sri Lanka and the s ...
kings helped settle san ̇gha disputes. Accounts from the Thai Pali chronicles, the Jinakalamallpakarana(Sheaf of Garlands o ...
began in the Ayutthaya period, although the system of nine grades or levels dates from the reign of Rama II (1809–1824). Over t ...
by a cacophony of voices, a pluralism that includes a continuation of traditional forms and practices, a new sectarianism, an ef ...
outspoken criticisms of Thai society. In 1995 a court decision codified a 1988 recommendation by national san ̇gha leaders to ex ...
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