Abnormal Psychology

Anxiety Disorders 299 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder As we saw earlier, both Howard Hughes and his mother appeared to have a fear ...

300 CHAPTER 7 source—for example, the thoughts aren’t implanted by aliens from outer space, as some people with psychotic sympto ...

Anxiety Disorders 301 The word “shall” shall be used throughout instead of “will” in the third person sin- gular and plural, mak ...

302 CHAPTER 7 Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD can be understood by considering neuropsychosocial factors and the ...

Anxiety Disorders 303 in particular (Insel, 1992; Pigott, Myers, & Williams, 1996; Saxena & Rauch, 2000). In fact, as pr ...

304 CHAPTER 7 Neural Communication: Serotonin OCD appears to arise in large part because brain circuits don’t operate normally, ...

Anxiety Disorders 305 Psychological Factors Psychological factors that help to explain OCD focus primarily on the way that op- e ...

306 CHAPTER 7 stress and are more likely to be rejected by their families (Calvocoressi et al., 1995). Note, however, that the d ...

Anxiety Disorders 307 control and decrease anxiety; these behaviors temporarily lessen anxiety and are thus reinforced. Yet the ...

308 CHAPTER 7 Treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder The primary targets of treatment for OCD are usually either neurological or ...

Anxiety Disorders 309 the medication is tapered off and the behavioral method is continued. This form of combined treatment may ...

310 CHAPTER 7 Key Concepts and Facts About Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD is marked by persistent and intrusive preoccupatio ...

Anxiety Disorders 311 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Within a 15-year span, Howard Hughes suffered more than his share of brushes ...

312 CHAPTER 7 the person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Note: In children, this may be expressed in ...

Anxiety Disorders 313 and become depressed (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989; Bandura, 1997). In addition, when a person ex ...

314 CHAPTER 7 What Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is diagnosed when people who have expe ...

Anxiety Disorders 315 Could Howard Hughes’s problems have been related to an undiagnosed post- traumatic stress disorder? We don ...

316 CHAPTER 7 Problems With the DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder The diagnosis of PTSD was introd ...

Anxiety Disorders 317 kidnapping, or torture. The criteria were later altered to include more common traumatic events, such as c ...

318 CHAPTER 7 2004). The abnormal structure and function of the hippocampus in PTSD patients is important because that brain str ...