Abnormal Psychology

Dissociative and Somatoform Disorders 379 perhaps through hypnosis, to characterize each alter in detail. In contrast, according ...

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T he musical group the Beatles formed in 1957 and soared to international acclaim in 1963. The band’s celebrity was so great tha ...

382 CHAPTER 9 All four members of the Beatles tried various psychoactive substances. Apsychoactive substance is a chemical that ...

Substance Use Disorders 383 Substance Abuse and Dependence The Beatles used stimulants nightly when performing in Germany, but d ...

384 CHAPTER 9 Two neurologically based symptoms of substance dependence can contribute to the diagnosis: tolerance and withdrawa ...

Substance Use Disorders 385 Use Becomes Abuse People can develop substance abuse in three general ways. First, substance abuse c ...

386 CHAPTER 9 One particularly important common liability is a problem with impulsivity— especially with diffi culty restraining ...

Substance Use Disorders 387 abuse or dependence. The gateway hypothesis is not a blueprint for all users; rather, it is a way to ...

388 CHAPTER 9 (most frequently depression), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophre- nia, andattention-defi cit/hyperac ...

Substance Use Disorders 389 although women are more likely to be diagnosed with abuse of, or dependence on, legally obtained pre ...

390 CHAPTER 9 Various cultures use psychoactive substances for different purposes. Some Native American tribes, for example, use ...

Substance Use Disorders 391 Stimulants In 1960, when the Beatles fi rst started playing in Germany (before they became famous in ...

392 CHAPTER 9 Smoked crack acts more quickly than snorted cocaine and has more intense effects. Like snorting cocaine, smoking c ...

Substance Use Disorders 393 schizophrenia; see Chapter 12). Abuse of, or dependence on, amphetamines can bring irreversible effe ...

394 CHAPTER 9 Ritalin Another legally restricted stimulant that is abused is Ritalin(methylphenidate hy- drochloride), which—lik ...

Substance Use Disorders 395 Nicotine Nicotine—the active ingredient in tobacco—is a stimulant that leads to abuse and dependence ...

396 CHAPTER 9 rely on dopamine. To begin, let’s consider one classic study. Researchers placed tiny electrodes in parts of rats’ ...

Substance Use Disorders 397 9.6 • Cocaine Abuse and Dependence and Dopamine This schematic illustrates how cocaine binds to dopa ...

398 CHAPTER 9 lingers there, which causes the receiving neuron to fi re even when relatively little dopamine has been released b ...