Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

Fluids and Electrolytes CHAPTER 11 Capillary Tissue Hydrostatic pressure 40 mm Hg Arterial end Venous end Oncotic pressure 25 mm ...

(^420) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified How Fluids and Electrolytes Work Fluids in the body are found in three basic places: ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^421 concentration of less than 270 mOsm/L and exert less pressure, which allows water to be p ...

(^422) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified ACID BASE BALANCE Maintaining acid-base balance will keep the pH level within the no ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^423 Nausea Diarrhea due to increased gastrointestinal motility Increased bowel sounds due to ...

(^424) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Monitor for signs of dehydration: decreased skin turgor (elasticity), dry mucous me ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^425 Decreased level of consciousness due to decrease in neural activity with hypervolemia Mu ...

(^426) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Weigh daily and compare. Record fluid intake and output to check balance of fluid. ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^427 Seizures due to irritation of nervous system tissue Cardiac arrhythmias due to increased ...

(^428) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Monitor for signs of hypercalcemia when administering medication (can over- medicat ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^429 Bradycardia later as electrical conduction is slowed Sinus arrest then cardiac arrest du ...

(^430) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified NURSING DIAGNOSES Ineffective breathing pattern Decreased cardiac output Impaired u ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^431 aldosteronism), insufficient intake of potassium, and low magnesium levels can all contri ...

(^432) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Encourage potassium-rich foods. Administer potassium supplements. Administer potass ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^433 PROGNOSIS As potassium levels rise, the risk of cardiac arrhythmias also increases. An ex ...

(^434) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Restrict potassium intake. Dialysis for severe elevations. NURSING DIAGNOSIS Decr ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^435 PROGNOSIS Correction of the magnesium level is necessary to return normal electrolyte bal ...

(^436) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified TREATMENT Administer magnesium sulfate intravenously to increase levels. Monitor de ...

CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^437 PROGNOSIS Correction of the magnesium level is necessary to prevent life-threatening com- ...

(^438) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified NURSING DIAGNOSES Impaired gas exchange Risk for injury Reduced cardiac output NUR ...