Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^19 Weak or absence of pulse in affected area because blood flow is reduced or blocked. Decrease ...
(^20) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Atherectomy: A catheter containing a grinding tool is inserted into the affected art ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^21 Don’t elevate leg or apply heat if occlusion affects the femoral or popliteal arteries. Elev ...
(^22) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified pressure is alleviated. If fluid recurs, surgery may be necessary. The prognosis depe ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^23 Pericardiocentesis: A needle is inserted into the pericardium and fluid is aspi- rated or dr ...
(^24) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Hypotension, because blood flow decreases below normal. ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^25 Administer vasodilator—dilates blood vessels (arterial and venous) to decrease the venous re ...
(^26) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Monitor intake and output of fluids—look for adequate renal perfusion. Without suffi ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^27 HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Asymptomatic—Many clients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ...
(^28) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Exercise testing may show poor cardiac function not evident in a resting state. TRE ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^29 NURSING INTERVENTION Place patient in a semi-Fowler’s position for comfort, which eases resp ...
(^30) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Fatigue—due to infectious process. Murmurs—new or changing. INTERPRETING TEST RESUL ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^31 Heat rate >100 beats per minute (tachycardia). Crackles in lungs. Neck vein distention. E ...
(^32) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified When disease affects primarily the left side of the heart, the blood will back up int ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^33 While most hearts can tolerate some changes in the above items, some diseased, older hearts m ...
(^34) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Chest x-ray. Left-sided heart failure: Pulmonary congestion because of accumulation ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^35 High Fowler’s position to ease breathing and enhance diaphragmatic excursion. Supplemental o ...
(^36) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified Stage 2 hypertension: 160 mmHg / systolic 100 mmHg diastolic In diabetic patients: ...
CHAPTER 1 Cardiovascular System^37 Smoking Dyslipidemia—elevated cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, low HDL Diabetes Age greater ...
(^38) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified NURSING DIAGNOSES Imbalanced nutrition: more than the body requires. Knowledge defic ...
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