Physics and Engineering of Radiation Detection

676 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy Eγ−1.02 MeV Eγ−511 keV Eγ−255 keV Eγ Backscatter Noise x−Ray Single Escape Double Escape ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 677 e+ e+ e+ e γ γ e e γ e γ γ Double Escape e No Escape Single Escape γ γ Figure 12.1.4: Energy d ...

678 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy and the energy absorbed in the detector. A good multi channel analyzer has a very linear ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 679 now dedicated synchrotron radiation facilities exist in different parts of the world where exp ...

680 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy Note that the absorption coefficientμis energy dependent. If the energy of the photons is ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 681 NEXAFS EXAFS X−ray Energy X−ray Intensity Figure 12.1.7: Typical x-ray absorption spectrum. Th ...

682 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy (k) μ k 0 μ 0 (k) ∆μ 0 k Figure 12.1.8: Typical variation of x-ray absorption coefficient ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 683 χ (k) 0.6 k −0.2 0.0 0.4 0.2 Figure 12.1.9: Typical XAFS oscillation curve normalized to the e ...

684 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy trum. A resolution of better than 10−^4 is generally required but is difficult to achieve ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 685 used are the so calledfluorescencespectroscopy andAuger electronspectroscopy. To understand th ...

686 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy photoelectric absorptions. The mechanism is graphically depicted in Fig.12.1.11(b). Here, ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 687 corresponding spectrum would show peaks at the binding energies of the atom. Now, since bindin ...

688 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy Eγ Eγ Eγ Photoelectron Energy Photoelelectron Intensity 1s 2s 2p −Eb,1s −Eb,2s −Eb,2p Fig ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 689 an electric field in the volume subtended by them. All the electrons coming from the focusing ...

690 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy reflected from these planes. The reflected rays can interfere constructively as well as d ...

12.1. Spectroscopy of Photons 691 X−ray Source Output 2θ Detector Sample Photon Figure 12.1.18: A simple setup for x-ray diffrac ...

692 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy Example: In an XDS experiment a first order diffraction peak was found to be at 2 θ=37^0. ...

12.2. Spectroscopy of Charged Particles 693 MCA Oscilloscope Amplifier Pulser Preamplifier Bias Supply Detector Source Vacuum Pu ...

694 Chapter 12. Radiation Spectroscopy The shaped pulse is then input into a pulse height analysis system. Earlier in the book w ...

12.2. Spectroscopy of Charged Particles 695 Table 12.2.1: Commonα-particle sources used for calibrations. Source Isotope EnergyM ...