bei48482_FM
ra 0 (that is, to be between r0 and ra 0 ). Verify this by calculating the relevant probabilities. Unsöld’s theoremstates th ...
228 CHAPTER 7 Many-Electron Atoms Helium, whose atoms have only closed electron shells, is inert chemically and cannot burn or e ...
Q uantum mechanics explains certain properties of the hydrogen atom in an accurate, straightforward, and beautiful way. However, ...
What Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck had in mind was a classical picture of an electron as a charged sphere spinning on its axis. The rot ...
Figure 7.2The two possible ori- entations of the spin angular- momentum vector are “spin up” (ms^12 ) and “spin down” (ms ...
An example is the great difference in chemical behavior shown by certain elements whose atomic structures differ by only one ele ...
In 1925 Wolfgang Pauli discovered the fundamental principle that governs the elec- tronic configurations of atoms having more th ...
The complete wave function (1, 2, 3,... , n) of a system of nnoninteracting par- ticles can be expressed as the product of the ...
There are a number of important distinctions between the behavior of particles in systems whose wave functions are symmetric and ...
remarked, “The periodic law, together with the revelations of spectrum analysis, have contributed to again revive an old but rem ...
Table 7.2The Periodic Table of the ElementsGroup 1 2 345678 The number above the symbol of each element is its atomic number, an ...
238 Chapter Seven triumphs of the quantum theory of the atom that it enables us to account in a natural way for the periodic law ...
Many-Electron Atoms 239 accordingly increase in energy with increasing l. This effect is illustrated in Fig. 7.8, which is a plo ...
240 Chapter Seven Shell and Subshell Capacities The exclusion principle limits the number of electrons that can occupy a given s ...
Many-Electron Atoms 241 detached. We expect such atoms to be passive chemically, like the inert gases—and the inert gases all tu ...
242 Chapter Seven Table 7.4 Electron Configurations of the Elements KL M N O P Q 1 s 2 s 2 p 3 s 3 p 3 d 4 s 4 p 4 d 4 f 5 s 5 p ...
KL M N O P Q 1 s 2 s 2 p 3 s 3 p 3 d 4 s 4 p 4 d 4 f 5 s 5 p 5 d 5 f 6 s 6 p 6 d 7 s 53 I 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 2 5 ←Halogen 54 Xe ...
Here n2 for the 2selectron, its ionization energy is E 2 5.39 eV, and E 1 13.6 eV is the ionization energy of the hydrogen ...
Many-Electron Atoms 245 atoms accordingly form negative ions of charge ereadily. Reasoning of this kind accounts for the simila ...
246 Chapter Seven Transition Elements The origin of the transition elements lies in the tighter binding of selectrons than dor f ...
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