bei48482_FM

The Solid State 347 O^2 – H+ H+ H+ H+ Region of high electron probability Figure 10.14In an H 2 O mo ...

348 Chapter Ten 10.5 METALLIC BOND A gas of free electrons is responsible for the characteristic properties of a metal The valen ...

349 Table 10.1 Types of Crystalline Solids. The cohesive energy is the work needed to remove an atom (or molecule) from the crys ...

350 Chapter Ten Metallic bonding occurs when the reduction in electron potential energy outbal- ances the increase in electron K ...

The Solid State 351 Solution The wire contains nfree electrons per unit volume. Each electron has the charge eand in the time ti ...

352 Chapter Ten After each collision, the electron is accelerated for some time interval tbefore the next collision, and at the ...

The Solid State 353 Example 10.3 The resistivity of copper at 20C is 1.72 10 ^8  m. Estimate the mean free path  betwe ...

354 Chapter Ten T he free-electron model of metallic conduction was proposed by Paul Drude in 1900, only three years after the d ...

The Solid State 355 whereas for quartz, a good insulator, 7.5 1017 m, more than 25 powers of ten greater. The existence of ...

An electron in a solid can only have energies that fall within its energy bands. The various outer energy bands in a solid may o ...

The Solid State 357 Thus the 3sband in solid sodium is only half filled by electrons (Fig. 10.22) and the Fermi energy Flies in ...

with the 2Nelectrons the 3sband can hold, the 3s 3 pband in magnesium can hold 8 Nelectrons in all. With only 2Nelectrons in th ...

The Solid State 359 if it is to climb to the conduction band where it can move about freely. With kT  0.025 eV at room temperat ...

360 Chapter Ten If we instead incorporate gallium atoms in a silicon crystal, a different effect occurs. Gallium atoms have only ...

The Solid State 361 of a donor impurity per 10^9 parts of germanium increases its conductivity by a factor of nearly 10^3. Silic ...

362 Chapter Ten photoresist compound on the wafer surface. (The unexposed photoresist is then washed away to leave areas open to ...

Figure 10.30Operation of a semi- conductor diode. (a) When there is no applied voltage, the thermal electron current to the righ ...

364 Chapter Ten E nergy is needed to create an electron-hole pair, and this energy is released when an elec- tron and a hole rec ...

The Solid State 365 circuit to the pregion where they recombine with the newly created holes. In this way the en- ergy of incide ...

366 Chapter Ten I Tunneling current a V b c Figure 10.35Voltage-current characteristic of a Zener diode. Figure 10.34Voltage-cur ...