THE Java™ Programming Language, Fourth Edition

11.1.2. Nested Generic Types A nested type can also be declared as a generic type with its own type variables. Because static me ...

protected Cell head; protected Cell tail; public void add(E item) { Cell cell = new Cell(item); if (tail == null) head = tail = ...

The problem is that the way you specify such a type is not the way we just illustrated because generic types don't form subtypes ...

Note that unlike a bounded type variable, a bounded wildcard can have only a single boundeither an upper bound or a lower bound. ...

[3] Since the reference literal null has no type, the type-system will allow you to invoke add passing null, but this is an unin ...

return arr; } This method works. If you invoke toArray_v1 on an instance of SingleLinkQueue and pass a String[], then as many el ...

Generic methods and constructors are typically used when you need to introduce a type variable to constrain the parameterized ty ...

relies on type inference to establish the type of T: String s1 = "Hello"; String s2 = passThrough(s1); In this case, the argumen ...

Finally, note that if you do wish to make a parameterized method invocation, you cannot parameterize an invocation that uses jus ...

There is no logical reason why we should not be able to pass it a list referenced through a wildcard type: static void processLi ...

static void addToList(List list, T t) { / ... / } you cannot pass a reference of type List<?> because the inferred type o ...

Casts involving type parameters or parameterized types are replaced with casts to the erasure of that type (see discussion below ...

parameterized type should always involve unbounded wildcards. For example, consider a non-generic version of the passThrough met ...

types must be the same. Second, rather than requiring the same (or different) signatures we talk about override-equivalent signa ...

This introduces one new overloaded form of m and defines two overriding implementations of m. The simple rule to remember when t ...

Both forms of m are potentially applicable because they have the right name and the right number of parameters. Both arguments a ...

supertypes) so S is a subtype of Object and T is subtype of Number. Because S is a subtype of Object and not String, the check f ...

Or you may be providing a specialized implementation that has been hand-crafted to deal with a particular kind of element, say S ...

Comparable object, the correct approach is to declare Comparable<?superT> rather than Comparable. This is not only more ge ...

Exceptions are primarily checked exceptions, meaning that the compiler checks that your methods throw only the exceptions they h ...