Analytical Chemistry

The Scope of Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry has bounds which are amongst the widest of any technological discipline. ...

provides a more recent example of an invention which would have been almost impossible to develop without sensitive and accurate ...

(f)— Medical and Clinical Studies The levels of various elements and compounds in body fluids are important indicators of physio ...

made, separations must also be quantitative or give a known recovery of the analyte. (5)— Final Measurement This step is often t ...

largely artificial as there is no fundamental difference between the methods in the two groups. All involve the correlation of a ...

examples are the much greater toxicity of organo-lead and organo-mercury compounds compared with their inorganic counterparts. A ...

(related to the slope of the curve) may be calculated. This facilitates the rapid computation of results without reference to th ...

use, although some are not consistent with Sl. ...

Constituent A component of a sample; it may be further classified as: major > 10% minor 0.01–10% trace 1 – 100 ppm (0.0001–0. ...

the mass, volume or concentration of the analyte than its response alone. The analyte in a sample is determined from its respons ...

Standard (1) A pure substance which reacts in a quantitative and known stoichiometric manner with the analyte or a reagent. (2) ...

wavenumber, σ^ reciprocal centimetre cm–^1 wavelength, λ metre m centimetre cm millimetre mm millimetre mm micrometre μm micron ...

in the same matrix which eliminates interference effects arising from differences in the overall composition of sample and stand ...

2 — The Assessment of Analytical Data A critical attitude towards the results obtained in analysis is necessary in order to appr ...

Median The middle value of a replicate set of results. Degree of Freedom An independent variable. The number of degrees of freed ...

A better estimate of the standard deviation may often be obtained by the pooling of results from more than one set. Thus, s may ...

2.2— The Nature and Origin of Errors On the basis of their origin, errors may usually be classified as determinate or indetermin ...

Figure 2.2 Normal error curves. (a) Curve (a) shows a normal distribution about the true value. Curve (b) shows the effect of a ...

which contains 95.5% of the relevant measurements. Some workers believe this limit is too wide, and regard the Q-test at a 90% c ...

and for five measurements (N.B. s has been derived from the set of data and N – 1 degrees of freedom ...