ECMO-/ECLS
B. Central Venous Pressure Monitoring Central venous pressure (CVP) is utilized as a surrogate of right atrial pressure (and cor ...
Therefore, whether the patient is spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated, measurements should be obtained at the end ...
values (<65%) signifying inadequate oxygen delivery (cardiogenic or hypovolemic shock) and higher values (>75%) signifying ...
use of bedside functional echocardiography for assessment of biventricular filling and function. Placement of a PAC requires a l ...
E. Cardiac Output Monitoring Cardiac output monitoring can be measured by two methodologies: the Fick method (calculated from ox ...
In the last decade, technology to monitor stroke volume and cardiac output without a PAC has been implemented clinically. Utiliz ...
against UAC/UVC placement in patients with abdominal wall defects due to a high incidence of thromboses. Summary: Intensive care ...
Chapter 7 SHOCK, LOW CARDIAC OUTPUT, AND INOTROPIC SUPPORT Pramod S. Puligandla, MD I. Introduction Shock is a clinical syndrome ...
II. Clinical Evaluation of Shock and Low Cardiac Output States Any patient at risk of developing LCO or shock requires thorough ...
variety of electrolyte and metabolic disturbances that require urgent investigation and intervention. Blood pressure (BP) consis ...
Central venous pressure (CVP) is the pressure within in the great veins as blood returns to the heart and is an indicator of pre ...
Infants and young children with normal CO should have a minimum of 1 mL/kg/hour of urine output. Older children and adults excre ...
measurement of arterial-venous oxygenation gradients (A-V O 2 ), mixed venous saturations (SvO 2 ), acid base, and lactate. A-V ...
The arterial blood gas is the most effective way to determine acid-base balance and oxygenation in the clinical setting. It can ...
intravenous fluid without developing pulmonary edema. Children with congenital heart disease may require more judicious use of i ...
transfusion strategy should be adopted and is generally indicated only in those patients with significant hypovolemia or anemia ...
intravenous epinephrine infusion should be strongly considered. For patients with persistent shock despite fluid resuscitation a ...
an effective regimen as this combination can reduce afterload while also increasing myocardial contractility. Doses of dobutamin ...
oxide, vasopressin may be an effective alternative in catecholamine-resistant shock since it inhibits NO synthase. It also impro ...
monitored with prolonged use. In addition to undesired hypotension, nitroprusside can also lead to pulmonary vasodilation and in ...
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