Physical Chemistry of Foods

The turgor is due to the presence of a cell membrane containing various transport enzymes, which can keep the molality of the ce ...

well with ‘‘firmness.’’ Another variable is the inhomogeneity of a material, which gives rise to local stress concentration. Thi ...

Gels. Gels consist for the greater part of liquid; the solid character is provided by a space-filing structure (the gelling mate ...

Polysaccharide molecules tend to have much stiffer chains; conse- quently, the linear region of a polysaccharide gel tends to be ...

aggregates are formed, resulting in a coarse gel. Small aggregates lead to a fine stranded gel, which forms at low ionic strengt ...

nucleation and growth occur, and the crystals rapidly aggregate because of van der Waals attraction, forming a fractal network o ...

Polyhedral foams and emulsions: if they are not very polydisperse, theory for the modulus and the yield stress is available; the ...

Another interesting though somewhat outdated book covering much relevant matter, with emphasis on physical structure, is J. M. V ...

Structure and mechanical properties of plastic fats are discussed by P. Walstra, W. Kloek, T. van Vliet. Fat Crystal Networks. I ...

Appendix A Frequently Used Symbols for Physical Quantities Between parentheses the units—generally SI units—for the quantity are ...

cp specific heat at constant pressure (J?kg
^1 ?K
^1 ) cn relative standard deviation of ordern (–) D diffusion coefficient (m^2 ...

pv vapor pressure (Pa) Q volume flow rate (m^3 ?s
^1 ) q amount of heat (J) R gas constant (8:315 J?K
^1 ?mol
^1 ) radius; radiu ...

e power density (energy dissipation rate) (W?m
^3 ) relative deformation or strain (–) relative dielectric constant (–) e 0 diel ...

De Deborah number (–) Pe Pe ́clet number (–) Re Reynolds number (–) Tr Trouton ratio (–) We Weber number (–) ...

Appendix B TABLESome Frequently Used Abbreviations CMC critical micellization concentration DLVO Deryagin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek ...

Appendix C Some Mathematical Symbols : is by definition equal to & is approximately equal to ! is proportional to ? infinity ...

Appendix D SI Rules for Notation Symbols for (physical) quantities, be they variables or constants, are given by a single charac ...

quantities, only the first symbol can contain a prefix—e.g., kPa?m
^1 , not Pa?mm
^1 —except kg, e.g., m^3 ?kg
^1. Numbers. The ...

Appendix E The SI Units System SI stands for ‘‘Syste`me International,’’ and the SI System of Units concerns the internationally ...

Quantity Name Symbol Temperature kelvin K Amount of substance mole mol Luminous intensity candela cd Supplementary Units These c ...