Hydraulic Structures: Fourth Edition

Equations (9.19) and (9.20) suggest the maximum entrance loss at the inlet: ∆he1.3V^2 /2g V^20 /2g. (9.21) The rack losses,∆hr, ...

9.2.3 Silt control at headworks (a) Silt excluder The silt excluder is a device constructed in the river bed just upstream of th ...

The capacity of the tunnel(s) is usually kept at about 20% of the canal discharge, and they are designed to maintain a minimum v ...

bottom ones. On entering the depressed area of the canal bed, the bottom sediment-laden layers are diverted by the curved vanes ...

whereDsis the depth of the settling basin, Vis the mean velocity in the basin, and cis the safety factor (1.5–2). On the basis o ...

9.2.5 Canal outlets The canal outlet is an intake structure for small canals, usually designed for proportional distribution of ...

The design of a proportional outlet (F1) is thus governed by the condition H/Dm/n. (9.28) The ratio H/Dis called the setting r ...

module (Fig. 9.28) is one of the several types of rigid module outlet. It has a semicircular eddy chamber in plan, connected by ...

variations in the head. An Italian design rigid module outlet is shown in Fig. 9.29. It consists of a cylindrical sleeve with ci ...

drawing of an almost constant discharge over a wide range of water- level fluctuations in the distribution channel. With the inc ...

120.96 120.360.60 m. Adopting a proportional open flume intake (outlet), H/D0.9. Therefore the head, H, over the crest 0.9D0 ...

flow depth0.25 m. Adopt a minimum depth of 0.5 m. The upstream curtain wall depth is one-third of the FSL flow depth0.32 m. Ad ...

Worked Example 9.4 Design a submerged pipe outlet for a ditch to discharge 15 l s^1 from a supply canal, using the following dat ...

Worked Example 9.5 Design a suitable outlet to discharge 50 l s^1 from a canal with a full supply depth of 1 m. The working head ...

9.3 Fish passes 9.3.1 Introduction Environmental and fishery protection interests require the provision of appropriate facilitie ...

Salmon and trout are the main migratory fish. The smolts (young salmon) travel to the ocean 1–2 years after spawning in fresh wa ...

level of the uppermost notch lower than the adjoining weir or spillway crest; the discharge and head calculations may be achieve ...

speed for a specified length of time (endurance time, tm) which is also a function of fish length and water temperature and is g ...

with variable times according to a specific installation and its operating procedures. Examples of Borland lift passes (Aitken, ...

The mechanical screens include the rotary (drum) type or travelling screens with water jets or stationary screens (with duplicat ...