phy1020.DVI

Figure 9.2: Reflection and transmission of waves in a string. (a) Wave in string incident onto fixed end; (b) string wave incide ...

are under the same tension, these coefficients depend only on the densities of the two strings. Writing the string density (mass ...

Figure 9.3: Colliding wave pulses. (a) Before the collison. (b) During the collision, the wave pulses overlap, and amplitudes ad ...

Figure 9.4: Interference in two colliding wave pulses. (a) Constructive interference; when the two pulses overlap, their displac ...

where is the density of the medium. Substituting this forminto Eq. (9.9), we have ED^12 Svt!^2 A^2 : (9.10) This says that the ...

wherevis the wave speed, the wavelength,dthe ocean depth, andgthe acceleration due to gravity. If the waves are indeepwater (d&g ...

Chapter 10 Standing Waves Supposes you attach one end of a string to a wall, and hold the other end in your hand. Now give your ...

Figure 10.1: The first four standing waves in a string (a) fixed at both ends; (b) free at both ends; (c) fixed on the left end ...

on, sofnis then-th harmonic. (Sometimes a different nomenclature is used:f 1 is called thefundamental frequency,f 2 is called th ...

Figure 10.3: Bessel functionsJm.x/.(Credit: Wolfram MathWorld.) For the circular membrane, the vibration modes are characterized ...

III Acoustics Acoustics ...

Chapter 11 Sound Soundconsists of longitudinal waves that propagate through some medium and may be detected by the human ear. We ...

Table 11-1. Speed of sound in several fluids. (All data are for 20 ıC.) Medium Bulk modulusB(Pa) Density (kg/m^3 ) Speed of soun ...

NowVis the total mass of gas, which we’ll callm,sowehave vsndD r NkBT m : (11.9) The mass per atom (or molecule) ismaDm=N,sowe ...

11.2 Frequency of Sound Sound frequencies may be divided into the following categories, depending on whether or not they are wit ...

Chapter 12 The Doppler Effect You have probably noticed that the frequency of sound emitted by a moving source depends on its sp ...

Figure 12.1: Doppler shift for a source moving at an angle relative to to the observer. Here the source is moving along a straig ...

Figure 12.2: Doppler shift for a moving source. In this example, the source is moving at a speed of 50 m/s along a straight line ...

therelativisticDoppler equation) is f^0 Df r c ̇v cv ; (12.2) where the sign conventions are the same as for the Doppler effect ...

Chapter 13 Sound Intensity 13.1 Intensity Let’s now look at another property of sound: itsloudness. The loudness of sound is jus ...