phy1020.DVI

Citizen’s Band radio. This is a radio service available for use by anyone, with no license required. Citizen’s Band (or “CB”) r ...

ionosphere throughout the day and night. After reaching theFlayer, the signals the reflect and bounce back to the ground, where ...

(a) (b)(c) (d)(e) Figure 43.1: Construction of a crystal radio receiver. (a) Tuned LC circuit. (b) Addition of an antenna and gr ...

Figure 43.2: A galena crystal with cat’s whisker. (©GNU-FDL,Wikimedia Commons.) kind of one-way valve that allows current to tra ...

Xtal Osc. Key + GND PWR OUT Figure 43.3: Simple radio transmitter for sending Morse code. resonant frequency of the LC circuit c ...

Figure 43.4: The International Morse Code. ...

+ Xtal Osc. GND PWR OUT Mic. Transformer Figure 43.5: Simple transmitter with a microphone. A more sophisticated transmitter can ...

V Optics Optics ...

Chapter 44 Geometrical Optics Opticsis the branch of physics concerned with the study of light. It may be divided into three mai ...

Chapter 45 Mirrors Amirroris a reflective surface. By using curved mirrors, it is possible to form an opticalimageof a real obje ...

Figure 45.1: Types of mirrors.Top:Concave mirror.Bottom:convex mirror. (Credit:education.com) Figure 45.2: Types of mirrors, as ...

Whether the image isrealorvirtual. (In a real image, light is present at the image location, and the image can be projected ont ...

If a ray diagram is drawn with great care and correctly to scale, it may used to measure (with a ruler) the image distancediand ...

A relatively new trend in large-mirror technology is to create large astronomical mirrors not as a single large mirror, but as a ...

Chapter 46 Refraction Light travels fastest (299,792,458 m/s) when it’s traveling through a vacuum. If light is traveling throug ...

incidence of 80 ı, Snell’s law (Eq. 46.2) gives the sine of the angle of refraction to be 1.31, so the angle of refraction is un ...

Chapter 47 Lenses Alensis a disk of transparent material (such as glass or plastic), of which one or both surfaces is curved. Th ...

Figure 47.1: Types of lenses. (a) Converging lenses, left to right: biconvex, meniscus, plano-convex. (b) Diverging lenses, left ...

OBJECT IMAGE 2 1 33 F F Figure 47.2: Ray diagram for a converging (bi-convex) lens. 47.2 Algebraic Method An alternative to the ...

Table 47-1. Sign conventions for lenses. Variable C do real object virtual object di real image virtual image ho always — hi,m ...