Basic Italian: A Grammar and Workbook
5 However, in certain cases Italian uses the future where English uses the present. Take this English sentence: ‘When/If I earn/ ...
Regular verbs ending in -ire are conjugated as follows: 7 Verbs ending in -care and -gare add h before the endings of the future ...
8 Verbs ending in -ciare and -giare drop -i in the future: Future of some irregular verbs 9 Essere and avere are irregular: 10 D ...
11 Andare, cadere (to fall), dovere, potere, sapere, vedere and vivere follow the same pattern as avere: Mia sorella darà una fe ...
12 A third group of irregular verbs, comprising bere, rimanere, venire, volere and tenere (to keep/hold), have the following pat ...
Exercise 1 Supply the future tense of the verb in brackets. Example: Non (io partire) tanto presto: partirò Exercise 2 Supply th ...
stazione. Prima andiamo a casa sua dove lascio i bagagli e poi andiamo insieme a pranzo da Ernestina. Nel pomeriggio vediamo Car ...
UNIT NINETEEN The past perfect tense Use of the past perfect 1 The past perfect (or pluperfect) normally indicates a past event ...
Implied here is something like (Ora ti ho visto, ma prima) non ti avevo visto [i.e. I’ve seen you now, but I hadn’t before]. Imp ...
When the polite form is used and the auxiliary is essere, the past participle agrees with the gender of the person being spoken ...
Negative form 6 The negative is formed in the same way as for the present perfect, by placing non before the verb: 7 As with the ...
Exercise 2 Complete the following sentences, using the correct tense of the verb in brackets (present perfect, imperfect or past ...
8 They’d bought the ticket the previous day. 9 I hadn’t got the bike any longer, because I’d given it to Anna. 10 She was born i ...
UNIT TWENTY Reflexive pronouns 1Reflexive pronouns correspond to ‘myself’, ‘yourself’, etc. in phrases like ‘you flatter yoursel ...
2 The forms of the reflexive pronouns are as follows: Note that the third person singular and plural pronoun si is the same for ...
is to the advantage of the subject (cf. English ‘I’m making myself a coffee’ [i.e. a coffee for myself], ‘They’re going to have ...
However, when the reflexive pronoun is not attached to the infinitive, the auxiliary verb must be essere, and the past participl ...
Exercise 2 Insert the correct reflexive/reciprocal pronouns in the blank spaces. Example: A che ora ——— sono alzati?: si Exercis ...
Exercise 4 Rewrite the sentences, moving the pronoun and changing the auxiliary. Example: Abbiamo dovuto alzarci [m]: Ci siamo d ...
UNIT TWENTY-ONE The imperative 1 The imperative is used, in Italian as in English, to express orders, com- mands or strong reque ...
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