Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law

sacrificing accuracy, the Cognitive Interview is perhaps the most well known. It has been shown to reliably improve the complete ...

changes in appearance make accurate recognition sig- nificantly more difficult. This decrease in recognition can be dramatic dep ...

on and later use as a cue for recognition. Unfortunately, hair changes are very easy to achieve and can be used to avoid eyewitn ...

beard), the correct identification rate (i.e., picking out the guilty person when that person is in the lineup) decreases signif ...

A larger sample of police files was reviewed in 2001 for 689 California identification attempts following crimes ranging from ho ...

EYEWITNESSIDENTIFICATION: GENERALACCEPTANCE IN THE SCIENTIFICCOMMUNITY This entry focuses on the degree to which experts and oth ...

eyewitness, and the tendency of eyewitnesses to choose suspects from a lineup previously encountered in mug shot arrays. Other f ...

knowledge on the subject both from empirical litera- ture and their experiences in the field. Law enforce- ment personnel were i ...

susceptible to error and that witnessing variables, such as emotions at the time of the event, can serve to affect the accuracy ...

called journaling. After 2 weeks of journaling, not only did he remember the event, an event that in fact never occurred, but he ...

The various aspects of lineup administration have been researched extensively. For example, the instruc- tions that are given be ...

the information that is collected is usually accurate. This is especially the case when witnesses are simply asked to describe t ...

memory: A comprehensive reference. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum. Wells, G. L., & Olson, E. (2003). Eyewitness identification. ...

the presence of a weapon. Research has demonstrated that these factors can produce general memory impairments, but the effects a ...

for faces, effects of training or experience on identifi- cation performance, and the other-race effect. Subse- quent surveys of ...

into their decisions when they are presented with a case description that includes the relevant eyewitness factors (e.g., cross- ...

Further Readings Benton, T. P., McDonnell, S., Ross, D., Thomas, W. N., & Bradshaw, E. (2007). Has eyewitness testimony rese ...

...

305 FACIAL COMPOSITES When a crime has been committed and the identity of the perpetrator is unknown, eyewitnesses are often ask ...

are intended to represent, regardless of the composite production system and regardless of how the similar- ity of the composite ...