Conservation Science

a judgment of values, e.g.the value of the object itself is more important than its history; hence, part of the historical value ...

limestones, a hardening of the surface will result from their exposure to an unpolluted environment, referred to as “calcin” by ...

natural history collections; or, because of the deterioration suffered by insect infestation or the presence of soluble salts, t ...

enclosure specific to the need and is very portable – it permits an enclosure to be constructed on-site, reducing potential dama ...

What contributes to the complexity of the conservation field is the juxta- position of the rigor needed in the methods used for ...

R.J. Koestler, P. Brimblecombe, D. Camuffo, W. Ginell, T. Graedel, P. Leavengood, J. Petushkova, M. Steiger, C. Urzi, V. Verges- ...

Chapter 3 Paper VINCENT DANIELS Conservation Department, Royal College of Art, Kensington Gore, London SW7 2EU, UK 1 THE CONSTIT ...

Paper 33 When paper was first made in Medieval Europe in about 1200 AD, the best source of easily separated cellulose fibres was ...

34 Chapter 3 suspension, and then allowing the water to drain away. The paper is then removed from the mould and allowed to dry. ...

Paper 35 there are few free fibres and the opportunities for hydrogen bonding between the impure cellulose fibres is limited. Th ...

36 Chapter 3 absorbent for inks and has little wet strength. Generally, paper is sized to make it more hydrophobic (water repell ...

other possible reasons, the paper also has differing properties in the thickness of the paper (ZD). The paper conservator will b ...

38 Chapter 3 Cellulose will reversibly absorb water vapour as the relative humidity (RH) is increased and decreased. Figure 4 sh ...

Paper 39 Uneven dimensional changes have serious consequences for the paper con- servator. If a piece of paper expands on one ed ...

40 Chapter 3 papers were generally weak. There are many ways of measuring paper strength but Barrow used an instrument called th ...

oxidation starts when a free radical reacts with oxygen to make a peroxy radical (ROO) that can then react further. Some autoxi ...

42 Chapter 3 5 Deacidification It is believed that the water-soluble acidity in paper can be washed out using water. Alternative ...

Currently the calcium-based treatments are preferred over those containing magnesium as the former seem to induce less yellowing ...

produced much research and some novel deacidifying agents have been pro- duced. One historically important and effective method ...

Paper 45 light as the conjugation is reduced or destroyed and colour is removed, i.e. bleaching. In paper conservation bleaching ...