Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

numbers and counting 797 occupations 807 pandemics and epidemics 819 religion and cosmology 831 resistance and dissent 869 roads ...

v Advisers and Contributors EDITOR IN CHIEF Peter Bogucki Associate Dean for Undergraduate Aff airs, School of Engineering and A ...

Cloisters and a docent at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Mariam F. Ayad, Ph.D., teaches graduate-level classes on Egy ...

Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D., teaches in the Nautical Archae- ology Program of the Department of Anthropology at Texas A&M Univ ...

clude the art and civilizations of ancient Oaxaca and issues surrounding the cultural interaction between the Old and New Worlds ...

Team, in Baghdad, Iraq. She has contributed to Ancient Eu- rope 8000 b.c.–a.d. 1000: Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World (2004) ...

Channel and will appear in their 2007 series Cities of the Un- derworld as an expert on underground Rome and Naples. Marie Passa ...

numerous publications include Roman Coins and Th eir Val- ues (1964; rev. ed., 2000–2005), Byzantine Coins and Th eir Va l u e s ...

Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation (2006) and Th e Babylonian World (forthcoming). Lawrence Waldron, M.F.A., i ...

xiii VOLUME I Glass kohl tube in the form of a palm column, from Egypt 5 Gold lion, used as a fabric ornament and found at Perse ...

xiv List of Illustrations Bird bone engraved with animal heads from the cave of Courbet, Penne-Tarn, France 106 Hermes with the ...

List of Illustrations xv Pottery fi gures of a drummer and a woman and child, Tala-Tonalá style, Jalisco, Mexico 283 Group of br ...

xvi List of Illustrations “Empress” pepper pot, from the Hoxne hoard in Suff olk, Roman Britain 478 Terra-cotta utensil with six ...

Copper vessel with silver wire, from Ur, southern Iraq 680 Gold cup of the Bronze Age, beaten out of a single lump of gold and f ...

Jade votive ax of a fi gure combining human and animal traits and thought to represent a supernatural being, Olmec, from Mexico ...

Tapestry made of multicolored wool on linen showing Artemis and Actaeon, Egypt 1076 Wool textile fragment from Persepolis, Persi ...

xx MAPS VOLUME I Ranges of the Wild Ancestors of Early Livestock 27 Ancient Mesoamerica 84 Athens and Its Monuments 224 Nubian S ...

Plutarch: “Th e Training of Children,” ca. 110 c.e. 200 Strabo: Geography, excerpt on Africa, ca. 22 c.e. 269 Pliny: Natural His ...

Sun Tzu: Th e Art of War, excerpt, sixth century b.c.e. 737 Xenophon: “Th e Spartan War Machine,” ca. 375 b.c.e. 738 Josephus: “ ...

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