CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

TABLE 3.1 Strength of Round-Ended Columns According to Euler’s Formula* Low- Medium- Wrought carbon carbon Material† Cast iron i ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 83 Short S Compression blocks Long Euler column CriticalL/r Parabolic type Straight line type L/r FIGURE 3.1 L/r ...

84 CHAPTER THREE If, as in certain classes of masonry construction, the material cannot withstand tensile stressand, thus, no te ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 85 P P k e e b P A Pey I Pey I Pey I Pey I P A P A FIGURE 3.2 Load plot for columns. FIGURE 3.3 Load plot for co ...

TABLE 3.3 Values of the Ratio z/r 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.25 2.00 0.25 0.30 1.82 0.30 0.35 1.66 1.89 1.98 0.35 0.40 1.51 1 ...

TABLE 3.4 Values of the Ratio Smax/Savg 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.05 1.20 1.16 ...

88 CHAPTER THREE Thekernis the area around the center of gravity of a cross section within which any load applied produces stres ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 89 Nomenclature for formulas Eqs. (3.4) through (3.12): Qallowable load, lb Pultimate load, lb Asection area ...

90 CHAPTER THREE (3.11) (3.12) COLUMN BASE PLATE DESIGN Base plates are usually used to distribute column loads over a large eno ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 91 The thickness of the base plate tp, in (mm), is the largest of the values given by the equations that follow ...

92 CHAPTER THREE usually defined as shown in Fig. 3.6. (If the base plate is small, the area of the base plate inside the column ...

be at least 4 percent of the total composite area. The concrete should be rein- forced with longitudinal load-carrying bars, con ...

94 CHAPTER THREE The portion of the required strength of axially loaded encased composite columns resisted by concrete should be ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 95 whereEmodulus of elasticity of the column material, psi (Mpa) Acolumn cross-sectional area, in^2 (mm^2 ) r ...

96 CHAPTER THREE whereGshear modulus of elasticity, psi (MPa) Jtorsional constant Across-sectional area, in^2 (mm^2 ) Ippola ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 97 Restraining bulk- head partially fixed P P P P P P P P c = 1.00 c = 1.25 to 1.50 c = 2.00 c = 4.00 FIGURE 3.9 ...

TABLE 3.5 Material Constants for Common Aluminum Alloys Average Values Fcy Fce Type Johnson Material psi MPa psi MPa Kkn equatio ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 99 The axial-load capacity Pukip (N), of short, rectangular members subject to axial load and bending may be det ...

100 CHAPTER THREE whereebis the eccentricity, in (mm), of the axial load with respect to the plastic centroid and is the distanc ...

COLUMN FORMULAS 101 WhenPuis greater than Pb, or eis less than eb, compression governs. In that case, the ultimate strength is a ...