CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

122 CHAPTER FIVE where fc,fsc,fsactual unit stresses in extreme fiber of concrete, in compressive reinforcing steel, and in ten ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 123 where ubond stress on surface of bar, lb/in^2 (MPa) Vtotal shear, lb (N) deffective depth of beam, in ( ...

TABLE 5.3 Allowable Bond Stresses* Horizontal bars with more than 12 in (30.5 mm) of concrete cast below the bar† Other bars† Te ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 125 earlier for spirally reinforced columns. The ratio pgfor a tied column should not be less than 0.01 or mor ...

126 CHAPTER FIVE tdiameter of column or overall depth of column, in (mm) ddistance from extreme compression fiber to centroid ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 127 whereMzandMyare bending moments about the xandyaxes, and M 0 xandM 0 y are the values of M 0 for bending a ...

128 CHAPTER FIVE TENSION DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS For bars and deformed wire in tension, basic development length is defined by the e ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 129 positive and negative moment should be proportioned for crack control so that specific limits are satisfie ...

130 CHAPTER FIVE DEFLECTION COMPUTATIONS AND CRITERIA FOR CONCRETE BEAMS The assumptions of working-stress theory may also be us ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 131 Equating the compression and tension at the critical section yields (5.43) The criterion for compression f ...

132 CHAPTER FIVE The shear strength Vccarried by the concrete alone should not exceed wherebwis the width of the beam web and d, ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 133 Development of Tensile Reinforcement At least one-third of the positive-moment reinforcement in simple bea ...

134 CHAPTER FIVE kddistance from extreme compression surface to neutral axis, in (mm) ddistance from extreme compression to ce ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 135 The excess shear vvcshould not exceed 4.4 in sections with web rein- forcement. Stirrups and bent bars sh ...

136 CHAPTER FIVE where adepth of equivalent rectangular compressive stress distribution  bwidth of beam, in (mm) ddistance f ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 137 for the effects of creep and nonlinearity of the stress–strain diagram for con- crete. However, should not ...

138 CHAPTER FIVE where Mbending moment Msmoment-resisting capacity of compressive steel M 1 moment-resisting capacity of con ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 139 an I- or T-beam may be designed by the following formulas, which ignore the compression in the stem, as is ...

140 CHAPTER FIVE ULTIMATE-STRENGTH DESIGN FOR TORSION When the ultimate torsion Tuis less than the value calculated from the Tue ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 141 The spacing of closed stirrups, however, should not exceed (x 1 y 1 )/4 or 12 in (304.8 mm). Torsion rein ...