CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

142 CHAPTER FIVE FLAT-SLAB CONSTRUCTION Slabs supported directly on columns, without beams or girders, are classified as flat sl ...

Slab Drop panel L Columns A 4 Half column strip Column strip Middle strip Drop panel Capital Column (a) (b) A^4 A^4 AA^2 B – B A ...

144 CHAPTER FIVE In both methods, a flat slab is considered to consist of strips parallel to column lines in two perpendicular d ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 145 1.The sum of the flexural stiffnesses of the columns above and below the slab Kcshould be such that (5.102 ...

146 CHAPTER FIVE whereboperimeter of critical section and cratio of long side to short side of critical section. However, if ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 147 computed from (5.107) whereVuis the design shear, kip (kN), at the section; fyis the reinforcement yield s ...

148 CHAPTER FIVE whereM 1 smaller of two end moments on column as determined by con- ventional elastic frame analysis, with pos ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 149 whereVutotal design shear force capacity reduction factor0.85 d0.8lw hoverall thickness of wall lwh ...

150 CHAPTER FIVE whereAbbearing area of anchor plate, and maximum area of portion of anchorage surface geometrically similar t ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 151 falls outside the middle third, the pressure vanishes under a zone around the heel, and pressure at the to ...

152 CHAPTER FIVE FIGURE 5.4 (Continued) (a)Resultant in middle third (b)Resultant at edge middle third (c)Resultant outside midd ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 153 In usual design work on retaining walls the sum of the righting moments and the sum of the overturing mome ...

154 CHAPTER FIVE Shear unit stress on a horizontal section of a counterfort may be computed fromvcV 1 /bd, where bis the thickn ...

CONCRETE FORMULAS 155 WALL FOOTINGS The spread footing under a wall (Fig. 5.7) distributes the wall load horizontally to preclud ...

This page intentionally left blank ...

CHAPTER 6 157 TIMBER ENGINEERING FORMULAS GRADING OF LUMBER Stress-grade lumber consists of three classifications: 1.Beams and s ...

TABLE 6.1 Properties of Sections for Standard Lumber Sizes [Dressed (S4S) sizes, moment of inertia, and section modulus are give ...

TIMBER ENGINEERING FORMULAS 159 BEARING The allowable unit stresses given for compression perpendicular to the grain apply to be ...

160 CHAPTER SIX V 1 modified total end shear, lb (N) Wtotal uniformly distributed load, lb (N) xdistance from reaction to con ...

TIMBER ENGINEERING FORMULAS 161 For columns of circular cross section, the formula becomes (6.8) The allowable unit stress, P/A, ...