CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

202 CHAPTER EIGHT whereBburden, ft Llength of borehole, ft If the length-to-burden ratio is greater than 4, then the spacing i ...

SOIL AND EARTHWORK FORMULAS 203 Air Concussion Air concussion, or air blast, is a pressure wave traveling through the air; it is ...

204 CHAPTER EIGHT Vibration Control in Blasting* Vibrations caused by blasting are propagated with a velocity V, ft/s; frequency ...

SOIL AND EARTHWORK FORMULAS 205 The acceleration a, in/s^2 , of the particles is given by (8.72) For a charge exploded on the gr ...

This page intentionally left blank ...

CHAPTER 9 207 BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS LOAD-AND-RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN FOR SHEAR IN BUILDINGS Based on the American In ...

208 CHAPTER NINE ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN FOR BUILDING COLUMNS The AISC specification for allowable-stress design(ASD) for buildi ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 209 LOAD-AND-RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN FOR BUILDING COLUMNS Plastic analysis of prismatic compre ...

210 CHAPTER NINE sections. Fyis the minimum specified yield strengthof the steel, ksi (MPa). Table 9.2 lists values of Fbfor two ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 211 When, however, the compression flange is solid and nearly rectangular in cross section, and ...

212 CHAPTER NINE For I-shaped beams, symmetrical about both the major and the minor axis or symmetrical about the minor axis but ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 213 where Fywspecified minimum yield stress of web, ksi(MPa) Frcompressive residual stress in ...

214 CHAPTER NINE For shapes to which Eq. (9.24) applies, (9.25) For solid rectangular bars and symmetrical box sections, (9.26) ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 215 planeAAin Fig. 9.2, exceed Fv, that is, when Fis larger than dctwFv, where dc is the depth ...

216 CHAPTER NINE assume normal forces and shears to be uniformly distributed over the shell thickness and bending stresses to be ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 217 WithNestablished, usually rounded to full inches (millimeters),the mini- mum width of plate ...

218 CHAPTER NINE To minimize material requirements, the plate projections should be nearly equal. For this purpose, the plate le ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 219 PLATE GIRDERS IN BUILDINGS For greatest resistance to bending, as much of a plate girder cr ...

220 CHAPTER NINE where Awweb area, in^2 (mm^2 ) Afarea of compression flange, in^2 (mm^2 ) 0.6Fyw/Fb1.0 Fywminimum specifi ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 221 Units used in these equations are those commonly applied in United States Customary System( ...