Chemistry, Third edition

406 21 · NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY neutrons originate from the spontaneous fission of uranium or from cosmic rays which come fr ...

USES OF RADIONUCLIDES ●The uranium is stored inside the reactor core in alloy tubes called fuel rods. A minimum mass of^235 U is ...

21 · NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY converted to heat. This heat is utilized to produce electricity using a conventional steam turbi ...

USES OF RADIONUCLIDES to the malignant tissue without causing severe injury to the surrounding healthy tissue. Radioisotopes as ...

410 21 · NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY Revision questions 21.1.In 1919, Lord Rutherford made the first artificial radio- isotope b ...

Environmental Chemistry Objectives Introduces the topic of environmental chemistry Defines the meaning of the word pollutant  ...

22 · ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Atmospheric pollution Ozone layer depletion Ozone (O 3 ) exists in the atmosphere, 20-40 km above s ...

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION Acid deposition This is a term used to describe all precipitation (rain, snow or fog) which is made acidic ...

414 22 · ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Global warming and the greenhouse effect The glass of a greenhouse ‘traps’ infrared radiation. ...

WATER POLLUTION Water pollution The quality of drinking water is very important to human welfare. The pollution of water by sewa ...

416 22 · ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Box 22.3 Polychlorinated biphenyls Commercial PCB preparations are mixtures. The ‘parent’ compo ...

WATER POLLUTION Importance of dissolved oxygen in water The dissolved oxygen concentration in water is vital for the support of ...

418 22 · ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Food waste Food wastes, although they are considered ‘natural’ can have a very damaging effect ...

LAND POLLUTION 419 Table 22.1River classification (Source:Understanding our Environment, Edited by R. M. Harrison, Royal Society ...

420 22 · ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY DDT was discovered in 1939 and hailed as a miraculous insecticide. It was widely used during th ...

LAND POLLUTION 421 Revision questions 22.1.A factory discharges waste containing lead ions [Pb^2 (aq)] into a river at the rat ...

Forensic Chemistry Objectives  Introduces calculations on drugs and alcohol  Defines the ‘drink driving’ legal limit  Highlig ...

THE SCOPE OF FORENSIC CHEMISTRY 423 Table 23.1Examples of analytical techniques used in forensic analysis Technique Examples of ...

23 · FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Variation of the concentration of a poison with time Many poisons that are absorbed into the bloodstream ...

VARIATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF A POISON WITH TIME The zeroth order kinetics of ethanol decay Ethanol breaks down into ethanal ...