Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution
The matrices used are ½at ¼nt 100 010 001 2 6 4 3 7 5 ½¼bt nt Zta 00 0 Ztb 0 00 Ztc 2 6 4 3 7 5 ½¼ct 000 000 000 2 6 4 3 7 5 ...
where X Zt¼ZtabþZtbcþZtca ½¼ct 000 000 000 2 6 4 3 7 5 ½¼dt 1 nt 100 010 001 2 (^64) 3 (^75) ½¼At 1 3 nt 2 1 1 12 1 ...
The values of the source side Thevenin equivalent circuit will be the same regardless of the type of connection of the feeder tr ...
The transformer turns ratio is defined as nt¼ high side rated voltage low side half winding rated voltage (21:159) Example:nt¼ 7 ...
The three-wire secondary is modeled by first applying the Carson’s equations and Kron reduction method to determine the 22 phas ...
Phase a:jjffSa ua¼PaþjQa andjjffVan da (21:169) Phase b:jjffSb ub¼PbþjQb andjjffVbn db (21:170) Phase c:jjffSc uc¼PcþjQc andjjff ...
Combination loads Combination loads can be modeled by assigning a percent- age of the total load to each of the above three loa ...
In this model the line-to-line voltages inEq. (21.181)will change during each iteration until conver- gence is achieved. Consta ...
The per-unit value of the susceptance can also be determined by first computing the actual value [Eq. (21.184)] and then dividin ...
.Power loss in each line section .Total feeder input kW and kVAr .Total feeder power losses .Load kW and kVAr based upon the spe ...
Since the network is linear, all of the line and load currents and node voltages in the network can be multiplied by the Ratio f ...
Node 4 is a junction node. An end-node downstream from node 4 is selected to start the forward sweep toward node 4. Select node ...
Continue the backward and forward sweeps until the calculated voltage at the source is within a specified tolerance of the sour ...
The general equation relating the output (nodem) and input (noden) voltages is given by ½Vabcm¼½A½Vabcn½B½Iabcm (21:199) I ...
computing the downstream voltages on the forward sweep. The [a], [b], [c], [d], [A], and [B] matrices for the various series com ...
bus. The matrix [ZTOT] represents the Thevenin equivalent impedance matrix at the faulted bus. The fault impedance is represente ...
Performing the matrix operations inEq. (21.195): Ifa¼IPaðÞYaaVaxþYabVbxþYacVcx YaVxg Ifb¼IPbðÞYbaVaxþYbbVbxþYbcVcx YbVxg If¼ ...
References Carson, J.R., Wave propagation in overhead wires with ground return,Bell Syst. Tech. J., 5, 1926. Glover, J.D. and Sa ...
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22 Power System Operation and Control George L. Clark Alabama Power Company Simon W. Bowen Alabama Power Company 22.1 Implementa ...
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